The Life of St. Carlotta

Carlotta was born in ca. 680 A. D. in a small Italian city. Even though at the dawn of the ear known as The Middle Ages, women could have very little effect on the social, political and religious issues in society, St. Carlotta managed to make her contribution to religion and shape people’s ideas of what a true Christian should be. With the help of St. Carlotta, the Catholic Church could face the numerous challenges that appeared at the time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Life of St. Carlotta specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Born to a family of a carpenter and a housewife, Carlotta was always considered a very pious child. When Carlotta was six, she had a vision of St. Mary. According to the existing records, she did not know at first what woman talked to her in her dream; but, after going to church and seeing the image of St. Mary, she told her mother that this was the woman from her dream. It is wo rth mentioning that St. Carlotta is often mentioned as a martyr. When she was fifteen, two stigmata opened on the palms of her hands; she had been bearing the stigmata since then till the day when she died. In addition, St. Carlotta also contributed to building a nunnery in the town where she was born. Helping raise the funds to create the nunnery and giving all that she could give, St. Carlotta succeeded in building a rather humble yet charitable nunnery, which is nowadays known as the Nunnery of St. Carlotta. It is hard to overestimate St. Carlotta’s contribution to charity. She always tried to provide the poor and those in need with everything that she could offer. According to what the chronicles of the V Century say, she once saw a woman in ragged clothes and with no shoes on her way to the church. St. Carlotta took her shoes off, gave it to the woman and proceeded to the church barefoot. However, charity is not the only thing to remember about St. Carlotta. Legends say that people witnessed her doing miracles. As one of the legends says, one of the neighborhood boys was at the death’s store because of the disease the symptoms of which can be interpreted nowadays as acute pneumonia. After hearing about the child and his disease, St. Carlotta came to the house of the boy’s parents to save the child. She stood for a while in front of the boy who was lying in bed and then said, â€Å"In three days, you will be cured.† Three days after, the parents realized that the boy was perfectly healthy.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More St. Carlotta was also aware of Evil and never lost the chance to remind people that they should beware the threats and withstand the temptations that the world had to offer. She disapproved of those who deceitfully used the passions of others for their own benefit and spread lies about the others. Known f or her purity, she yet never offered her own behavior as a model, believing that she was a mere sinner. St. Carlotta died ca. 730 A. D. A woman who definitely left an impact in the lives of the Medieval Italian people, St. Carlotta will remain the symbol of purity and the guardian of the people who seek help and need advice. St. Carlotta’s impact on the Medieval Catholic Church, as well as on people’s perception of religion, cannot be denied. Even though the destiny that the Providence meted out for St. Carlotta had a lot of challenges, choice moments and pain, she managed to face the latter decently and will remain one of the most influential female saints of all. This essay on The Life of St. Carlotta was written and submitted by user Maddox K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Le Chene et Le Roseau essays

Le Chene et Le Roseau essays Analysis of Le Chà ªne Et Le Roseau Le Chà ªne Et Le Roseau, a poem by Jean de La Fontaine, shows the contrast of the characters while moralizing about hidden strengths that are often overlooked or belittled. In this poem, the oak is personified as having a stubborn sense of strength, while the humble reed is represented as possessing the qualities of endurance, flexibility, and hidden strength. Fontaine teaches the reader his lesson through the use of nature by having the oak and the reed converse about their strengths. In the end the reed proves his point when the north wind uproots the oak, leaving it to die. The theme of Le Chà ªne Et Le Roseau is a universal one, easily recognized and understood by all. The poems central idea is that strength is not necessarily size and power, but in adaptability, endurance, and flexibility. Fontaine illustrates the theme well in these lines: Larbre tient bon; le roseau plie. Le vent redouble ses efforts, et fait si bien quil dracine celui... The poet further develops the theme with a moral which implies that humility is more important than pride. Fontaine places most emphasis on idea to help develop this moral. In the end, the pompous oaks strength is his weakness, while the humble reeds suppleness is his fortitude. Jean de La Fontaine develops well the poems mood, one of pity, compassion, and respect, through sensory images and descriptions of the characters. These lines: Un roitelet pour vous est un pesant fardeau; and Le moindre vent qui daventure fait rider la face de leau, vous oblige baisser la tà ªte; , as well as La nature vous me semble bien injuste. illustrate the sentimental atmosphere of pity that the reader feels for the reeds struggle against relatively small difficulties. Although Fontaine succeeds in creating t...

Organizational Culture in Different Countries and Regions Term Paper

Organizational Culture in Different Countries and Regions - Term Paper Example Taken negatively, this culture can be used as a shield and process that people withdraw to when they intend to sideline their common sense. It is a form of groupthink or herd mentality that could be used to shrug responsibility (Savio, 2007). But when properly understood, the barriers of cultural differences can come down and the authenticity of the people emerges transcending the old collective and herd thinking enabling one to find homogeneity and common ground to do business. But understanding the eccentricity or idiosyncrasy of a particular culture can be a challenge and may even take some time to be understood and perhaps after committing some blunders and faux pas that could cost the business itself. Seemingly innocuous behaviors, when not properly understood can be costly to the one doing the business who is unaware of the national culture that is being reflected in the bigger organization. To illustrate, a businessperson attending a dinner by a Chinese host may be aware that he has to be gracious being familiar of guanxi(Hwang, 2009). But knowing the host or Chinese counterpart is not enough (Bedford, 2011). Little things such as not following the nuances of dining protocols may even inadvertently offend the business counterpart. In the example cited, the guest, in his effort to be gracious to his host, ate every food that was served to him (there are 12 courses in a Chinese meal) even if he was full with the hope of getting the impression that he i s an appreciative guest. Only to be confounded that the host’s warmth disappeared and turned cold as the evening ended. It took some time for the guest to realize that in Chinese context, cleaning up your plate meant that the host did not feed you enough and that is quite offensive in doing business in Chinese context (Balderrama, 2010). Another example is the customary bringing of whisky to a Japanese counterpart which can be considered as a thoughtful gift but is offensive to Dubai nationals (Tulshyan, 2010). To better understand particular cultures and how they reflect and differ in the larger culture of an organization in different countries, Hoftstede formulated a cultural assessment tool whereby dimensions of one’s cultural strength can be assessed by assigning a scale ranging from 0 to 100 (Hoftstede, n.d.) . This tool of Hofstede is a popular tool among managers who would like to understand another culture apart from their own. The five cultural dimensions of P ower Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Long-Term Orientation; Hofstede’s five dimensions of culture in details are (MCCULLIGH, 2010); Small vs. large power distance – This refers to how a society handles inequalities and the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Individualism vs. collectivism  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Behavior towards community. The degree to which individuals are integrated into groups or are expected to look after themselves and self-actualize. Masculinity vs. femininity)

The oil Price crisis in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The oil Price crisis in Britain - Essay Example In The Daily Telegraph publication (The Daily Telegraph: 20 June 2008), executive foreign editor Con Coughlin asserted that "as things stand, protecting their precious reserves, rather than providing the world with cheaper oil, appears to be their main priority". In a similar tone The Times' chief foreign affairs commentator Bronwen Maddox described the Opec summit in Jeddah "a Saudi show, to deliver a Saudi message" (The Times: 25 June 2008), stating that , "Before Sunday's meeting, King Abdullah bin Abdelaziz al-Saud said that the kingdom was resolved to prevent oil prices from rising 'in an unjustified and abnormal manner', while announcing an increase in production too small to have any such impact." In other twist , Con Coughlin, The Telegraph's executive foreign editor, argued that the country is operating to capacity in the article published in The Telegraph (The Telegraph: 20 June 2008). He mentioned that, "the Saudis announced their intention to increase production by another 500,000 barrels per day, which will bring total production to 9.7 million barrels - the kingdom's highest ever level. And that is about the upper limit of what the Saudis can produce for any sustained period." However, "the Saudis will only produce more oil if they believe it is in their interests to do so," The somewhat incongruous perspective by Coughlin presents connotations tending to place blame over the oil price crisis on Saudi Arabia. Other opinion slants presented in the media coverage of the oil price crisis in Britain have focused on the reality of rising demands for oil which has not been succored on commensurate production levels. The BP Statistical Review OF the world Energy quoted in the Energy and Capital e-letter for August 2008 presents that, "It's no secret anymore that for every nine barrels of oil we consume, we are only discovering one."(The BP Statistical Review of World Energy August 11th, 2008). The writer in the article mentions that there is unprecedented oil usage rate on a global scale which has not been sustained by any feasible production increase measures. "The world is addicted to oil. In just 8 years, it's projected the world will be consuming nearly 50,000 gallons of oil every second. By that time, the world won't be able to meet the projected demand... for one simple reason: We're using up oil at breakneck speed. And it's also no secret that official oil reserve numbers furnished by OPEC member governments have been fudged for years. The International Energy Agency (IEA) even admitted to knowing about some of OPEC's wizards cooking their books." (Opcit) The electronic title also provides some sweeping predictions in an advertising blurb aimed at getting readers to subscribe to the e-letter. Some of the predictions enlisted are; Why we're never going to see oil priced at $40 a barrel ever again, what we learned from the 1970s oil crisis, and where the future of oil really stands... How oil reserve supplies will tighten, prices will continue jumping, and the world economy will feel the squeeze... The 3 best ways to capitalize on the investment opportunities of a post-oil economy. In another reportage Independent columnist Dominic Lawson vindicated Saudi Arabia (and Opec) from blame in the current price crisis, writing that "far from operating as a

Applications of DC series motors

Applications of DC series motors INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS ELECTRIC MOTOR? An electric motor is a device using electrical energy to produce mechanical energy, nearly always by the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors. The reverse process, that of using mechanical energy to produce electrical energy, is accomplished by a generator or dynamo. Traction motors used on vehicles often perform both tasks. In principle, all electric motors can run as generators and vice versa, although that is not practical with all types in all applications. As a convention the term electric engine is not used for electric motors, but instead refers to a railroad electric locomotive. Electric motors are found in a myriad of applications such as industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and computer disk drives, among many other applications. Electric motors may be operated by direct current from a battery in a portable device or motor vehicle, or from alternating current from a central electrical distribution grid. The smallest motors may be found in electric wristwatches. Medium-size motors of highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial uses. The very largest electric motors are used for propulsion of large ships, and for such purposes as pipeline compressors, with ratings in the thousands of kilowatts. Electric motors may be classified by the source of electric power, by their internal construction, and by application. The principle: The principle of conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy by electromagnetic means was demonstrated by the British scientist Michael Faraday in 1821 and consisted of a free-hanging wire dipping into a pool of mercury. A permanent magnet was placed in the middle of the pool of mercury. When a current was passed through the wire, the wire rotated around the magnet, showing that the current gave rise to a circular magnetic field around the wire This motor is often demonstrated in school physics classes, but brine (salt water) is sometimes used in place of the toxic mercury. This is the simplest form of a class of electric motors called homopolar motors. A later refinement is the Barlows Wheel. These were demonstration devices only, unsuited to practical applications due to their primitive construction TYPES OF ELECTRIC MOTORS: 1. AC MOTORS 2. DC MOTORS SERIES MOTORS SHUNT MOTORS COMPOUND WOUND MOTORS DC Motors: A DC motor is designed to run on DC electric power. Two examples of pure DC designs are Michael Faradays homopolar motor (which is uncommon), and the ball bearing motor, which is (so far) a novelty. By far the most common DC motor types are the brushed and brushless types, which use internal and external commutation respectively to create an oscillating AC current from the DC sourceso they are not purely DC machines in a strict sense Series Wound: The series wound motor has only one voltage supply to the motor and the field winding is connected in series with the rotor winding. Universal Motors or Series wound: In a series wound DC motor, reversing either the field winding leads or the rotor winding leads will reverse the direction of the motor. However, simply reversing the leads from the power supply will have no effect on the direction of rotation since it is equivalent to reversing the current through both the individual windings in effect a double reversal. In other words the motor will turn in the same direction even though the current through the series windings is reversed. This means that the motor can run on alternating current as well as direct current since the direction of rotation is independent of the direction of the current through the series windings. Universal motors are often used in power tools and household appliances such as vacuum cleaners and food mixers. Characteristics: The series motor has poor speed regulation. It delivers increasing torque with increased motor current but this is at the expense of speed which falls with increasing torque demands. This motor has a very high starting torque because there is zero back EMF at zero speed however as the speed builds up so does the back EMF causing a reduction in torque.Increasing the load on the motor tends to slow it down, but this in turn lowers back EMF and increases the torque to accommodate the load. Speed control is possible by varying the supply voltage. Under no load conditions the speed will accelerate to dangerous levelspossibly causing destruction of the motor. The motor can be reversed by reversing the connections on either the field or the rotor windings but not both. Regenerative braking is not possible since the field current needs to be maintained but it collapses when the rotor current passes through zero and reverses. Applications: It is a variable speed motor i.e. very low speed at high torqe and vice versa. However at no load motor tends to occupy dangerous speed. The motor has a very high starting torque. So it is used for : The series DC motor is an industry workhorse for both high and low power, fixedandvariable speed electric drives. Applications range from cheap toys to automotive applications. They are inexpensive to manufacture and are used in variable speed household appliances such as sewing machines and power tools. Its high starting torque makes it particularly suitable for a wide range of traction applications. Industrial uses are hoists, cranes, trolly cars, conveyors, elevators, air compressors, vacuum cleaners, sewing machines etc. This is just an introduction to my term paper and it will be explained in final term paper.

All About My Mother & Pan’s Labyrinth

How far do the narratives of the films you have studied rely on dramatic moments of confrontation and how far on a more subtle change over time? The two very different Spanish films All about my Mother (AAMM) and Pan’s Labyrinth use complex narratives and character representations to explore gender ideologies. I would suggest that both films rely in part on dramatic moments of confrontation but also demonstrate a more subtle change over time; in this essay I will explain this view. AAMM is a powerful melodrama, exhibiting many of Almodovar’s signature traits and exemplifying his exhuberant, challenging post-Franco style. As a melodrama, it is hardly surprising that there are many dramatic moments within the narrative and throughout the film we see various confrontational moments between the characters. For example, as Manuela enters Barcelona in a taxi there is a violently shocking scene which introduces us to Agrado as she is assaulted by a client. She is defiant in her response and in this way Almodovar sets his agenda: this is a film which challenges traditional gender roles and our perceptions of what is and what ‘should be’. The scene is perhaps all the more shocking because up until this point, in Madrid, there has been high drama in the sudden death of Manuela’s son but her reaction to it is subtly presented and gender representations are far more traditional and in line with the hegemonic view. As Manuela’s somewhat passive quest to find Lola continues, the narrative is punctuated by various melodramatic moments of confrontation but Almodovar’s intention is clearly not merely to present a set of over-exaggerated characters in improbable scenarios and it is perhaps his subtlety that allows the film to communicate its real meaning. Although Manuela is the main character and it is her actions which move the narrative along initially, it is perhaps through all of his characters and their intertwined experiences that Almodovar more fully explores gender and sexuality and questions hegemonic values. Each of his characters goes on a journey and whilst the overtly melodramatic narrative is what keeps the audience entertained (if somewhat disbelievingly) it is perhaps the more subtle undertones of change which we can only appreciate once the film is finished that contain its true message. Manuela, the eternal mother, has a chance to be so to an infant again; Agrado has found acceptance and purpose which does not rely on the sale of her body; Huma is free of the destructive and toxic Nina; Rosa’s mother, who represents perhaps more than any other character the hegemonic values of Spanish society that Almodovar is challenging, is shown to be uncaring in the worst way by rejecting her grandchild and thereby loses her right to have access to him. Rosa, of course, is dead but before her death she had seamlessly morphed from nun to earthly mother. I would argue that all of these changes are subtle and not reliant on moments of dramatic confrontation, and that actually it is these changes – these people – which are the film’s narrative. Although the dramatic moments are entertaining, they are the bass line and the subtler changes are the melody. In terms of narrative, Pan’s Labyrinth is of course quite different from AAMM but I would argue that in terms of the importance of dramatic moments of confrontation versus subtler changes, there are some similarities. As a gothic fairytale/fantasy film set during the Spanish civil war, we would expect dramatic confrontations as binary oppositions are a key convention of the genre and confrontations a symptom of conflict; and indeed, we are not disappointed. The villain of the tale, Captain Vidal, is at the heart of most of the dramatic confrontations within the film, with the Doctor, Ofelia, Carmen, the rebels and eventually, the ultimate confrontation with Mercedes which results in his death. As in AAMM, these moments are certainly key to the development of the narrative and serve to highlight del Toro’s representation of Franco’s hegemonic masculinity as violent, controlling and confrontational. But when we look at the female characters in the film, as indeed we must, there is a recognisably subtler and more sensitive approach both in their representation and in their roles and functions within the narrative. Mercedes, as the ‘helper’, grows in strength and courage as the film progresses, moving gradually from a somewhat sidelined observer of Vidal’s terror to a heroic central player and successful challenger, killing the villain and saving the rebels (who happen to be men). Ofelia of course, undergoes enormous change throughout the tale, losing her mother and confronting various creatures as well as Vidal as she goes but perhaps more significantly, failing to confront her own fear of growing up and instead opting to stay a child forever. Carmen is represented as weak and conforming to the hegemonic ideology that women should be subservient to their husbands and she dies during childbirth, perhaps to demonstrate that this view is outdated. In this film, the necessity for women to be mothers is thus challenged through both mother and daughter, as Carmen dies for it and Ofelia openly rejects it. One conclusion which could be drawn is that although there are many moments of dramatic confrontation in Pan’s narrative, they perhaps merely mask the subtler changes happening beneath them. Or that del Toro has intentionally constructed these confrontations within the world of the men and within Ofelia’s fantasy world to allow us to observe that subtler changes which they promote in our heroine and her helper. The eventual result, of course, being that the situation in Vidal’s ‘family’ mirrors that of the war with the rebels: he fails to recognise the subtle changes occurring around him and pays for it dearly. Because in actuality, it is the female characters who are in control and their experiences being explored. As I said, Vidal and the dramatic moments of confrontation that he is so frequently part of, are the cause and the subtler changes within the female characters the effect. In conclusion, I would say that as with most narratives, dramatic moments of confrontation help to move things along in both of these films but are by no means completely relied upon to create meaning and communicate with the audience. Both films, in different ways, are about women and their experiences and subtlely is also required to communicate these experiences with the poignancy and genuine feeling that they do.

Marketing Strategy of Samsung in India

Section B Submitted by –Harsh Golan About Samsung: The Samsung Group is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Samsung Town, Seoul, South Korea. It is the world's largest conglomerate by revenue. The Samsung Group is composed of numerous international affiliated businesses, most of them united under the Samsung brand including Samsung Electronics, the world's largest electronics company, Samsung Heavy Industries, the world's second largest shipbuilder and Samsung C, a major global construction company. Samsung has been the world's most popular consumer electronics brand since 2005 and is the best known South Korean brand in the world. Samsung Group accounts for more than 20% of South Korea's total exports and is the leader in many domestic industries, such as the financial, chemical, retail and entertainment industries. Samsung India Electronics Private Limited (SIEL) is the Indian subsidiary of the US $55. 2 billion Samsung Electronics Corporation (SEC) headquartered in Seoul, Korea. Headquartered in New Delhi, SAMSUNG India has widespread network of sales offices all over the country. SAMSUNG India is the hub for SAMSUNG’s South West Asia Regional operations. The South West Asia Headquarters looks after the SAMSUNG business in Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Maldives and Bhutan besides India. SAMSUNG India which commenced its operations in India in December 1995 enjoys a sales turnover of over US$ 1Bn in just a decade of operations in the country. From being a virtually unknown entity in the Year 1995, brand SAMSUNG today enjoys an awareness level of over 65% and a positive opinion of over 80% in the country today (source: BAS 2007). Initially, a player only in the Color Televisions segment, it later diversified into color monitors (1999) and refrigerators (2003). Today, it is recognized as one of the fastest growing brands in the sphere of digital technology. SIEL is the market leader in high end digital television (Plasma, LCD). STP APPROACH OF SAMSUNG: Segmentation: Segmenting is the process of dividing the market into segment based on customer characteristics & needs. Segmenting consists of: 1. Geographic segmentationation: it is nearly present in 14 countries but has maintained a nearly same price and quality tag worldwide. 2. Demographic segmentation: it has motto of ‘everyone’s invited’ so it produces goods for nearly every segment, from tech-savvy to gamers to middle class family. It has something in sort for you. Targeting: Is the process of focusing on a particular market with a particular product . ?LOCAL MARKET ?TEIR 1 CITIES ?TEIR 2 CITIES NICHE MARKET. Samsung produces goods for both tier1 and tier 2 cities and its nearly all electronic goods are available in both cities. The differences can be seen is the in tier1 cities it has exclusive Samsung showrooms while in tier2 and below cities it usually shares counter with other competitors . Also goods like smart phones and android phones, expensive models of TVs like 3d etc are found in tier1 cities . in tier2 and below cities it becomes a mass producer of electronic items at reasonable cost. Positioning: Samsung has positioned itself as â€Å"Digital technology leader†. In 1990 group chairman, Kun-Hee Lee(Lee), initiated transformation from a low-end OEM into a world-class electronics company and now Samsung came to be perceived as a company with exciting product portfolio. TOP Olympic Sponsor for the 2008 Beijing Olympics and Olympic Partner for the 2008 Olympic Torch Relay. Manavjit Singh Sandhu was its Olympic Brand Ambassador and launched the program ‘Spread the Olympic Flame' ? APPOINTS OLYMPIC GOLD MEDALIST ABHINAV BINDRA AS BRAND AMBASSADOR FOR ITS CONSUMER ELECTRONICS BUSINESS ? APPOINTS AAMIR KHAN AS ITS BRAND AMBASSADOR FOR MOBILE PHONES ? New, spunky, tagline – ‘Next is What? ’ It is being used in all of ‘Samsung Mobiles' communication material. Product Strategy: Samsung Electronics India manufactures a wide range of consumer electronics and home appliances. These products include: 1)Mobile phones with the accessories, )Television, Audio player, Video player, 3)Camera, Camcorder, 4)Home appliances, 5)PC, Peripherals and Printers. In the mobile phone industry, Samsung has the second largest share in the market with 19. 6% as per November 2010 consensus. The mobile phone market share is shown in Annexure 1. In the Indian mobile market, Samsung is the second largest player after Nokia with product line extending to over fifty products. The product line includes some of the most preferred mobile phones like Samsung Guru series, Corby series and many more. Recently Samsung has launched its Samsung galaxy series in the Indian market. Samsung is also into manufacturing televisions, audio players, video players, blu-ray players, home theatres and multimedia players. In India, Samsung is the first to bring the concept of LED technology in televisions. Samsung’s products, in this category, are known for their innovativeness and technology . These products are the first preference of the consumers who seek technology at an affordable cost. Samsung also manufactures digital cameras and camcorders. This product category includes world class products like Samsung NX series. Samsung digital cameras offer a diverse product line equipped with the most sought after features. Samsung cameras have always been recognized for their fine technology and optical innovations in such things as auto focus and â€Å"optical zoom† capabilities. These products, though, high on technology are an affordable option for those who have an edge for their photography hobbies. In the home appliances segment, Samsung manufactures refrigerators, microwave ovens, smart ovens, air conditioners and washing machines. All of these products define Samsung’s competitiveness and vision in terms of product innovations like silver nanotechnology, twin cooling etc. At present, Samsung is the leading home appliances manufacturer and many of products are the best in their respective sub-segments. Personal computers, peripherals and printers are also the part of Samsung’s innovative and high-end technology product line. These include laptop notebooks, VDAs, music speakers, Internal and external hard drives, optical disc drives and printers. Though, Samsung is not yet a leader in this segment but its inclination of high end technology shows into these products also. For Samsung, there is still scope for improving their products quality in the Indian market. The products sometimes develop technical flaws like display in the mobiles, gas kit leakages in frost-free refrigerators etc which are to be improved. Since, Samsung competes on the basis of the innovation and technology in the current market scenario; this plays a very important role in their major sales not only in India but in the whole world as a whole. As far as the after product service of Samsung is concerned, it needs major improvement in terms of contacting with customers. Since service is intangible, it needs to be provided as quickly as possible. Reducing the retention time in providing value to the customers can add to big advantage for Samsung considering the current market conditions. Place strategy: Samsung electronics employs different place strategies for different products. When we talked to marketing representative he said the whole of Samsung electronics India has divided its distribution systems into various regions on basis of demand and number of dealers per region for example we visited what he called the vidharba region. Samsung uses supply chain to enhance differentiation, increase sales and penetrate new markets and channels. It efficient supply chain is transparent, so that all the players in the supply chain have the right information at the right time about the movement of the products within the chain. This means lower inventories, elimination of waste, and reductions of costs. In addition to the intangible benefits like quick feedback from customers help in launching new products. Samsung has 24 state-level distribution offices and a direct dealer interface. The direct dealer interface helps the company to get quick feedback from dealers, and enables it to launch products according to consumer needs. Samsung also believes in JIT (Just-in-Time) concept to its dealers. To minimize time overruns, Samsung delivered its products directly from its factories to its Regional Dispatch Centers (RDCs) and from there to dealers. SIEL is having three types of distribution system: 1)A one-level channel contains one selling intermediary, such as retailer. 2)A two-level channel contains two intermediaries. In consumer markets, these are a wholesaler and a retailer. 3)A three-level channel contains three intermediaries. Other strategies: †¢Shop-in-shop: Samsung is ensuring a presence in most big malls and multiplexes; even in the multi-brand outlets, as the focus there is to create a shop-in-shop atmosphere. In the shops where we conducted studies we found around 30-50% of counter share was of Samsung. Thus Samsung believes in â€Å"jo dikhta he vo bikta he†. †¢The exclusive showrooms: Samsung India has set up a widespread network of over 80 exclusive showrooms comprising Samsung Digital home (focusing on high-end digital audio-video products such as MP3 players, camcorders and LCD/plasma/3D TVs). The Samsung Digital home goes beyond the concept of a Digital Plaza or a Brand Shop because in it, they are trying to create a more interactive environment and providing a more lifestyle orientation to the display, so that the customer can visualize the products in his/her own home settings. Samsung will add another 30 showrooms to its existing 100-odd this year. Over the next few months, the existing Samsung Digitall Homes will all be rebranded Samsung Plaza, in keeping with the global practice. Until now, India was the only market where Samsung followed a dual showroom strategy – larger (2,500 sq ft and more) outlets were dubbed Samsung Digitall Home, while smaller showrooms were called Samsung Plaza. It is not just about a name change, though. Samsung India also wants uniformity in appearance and sales experience at each of these showrooms – that means an emphasis on product demonstration, not just display. Pricing Strategy: Samsung believes in providing good products at reasonable prices to its customers. Samsung’s technology plank communications helped the company to gain market share, even though it did not offers any discounts or exchange scheme when it entered India. Samsung focuses on cost-cutting measures to keep its price low which helps to combat the discount schemes of the local companies. Samsung drastically reduced its operational costs which enabled the company to keep low prices for certain products and extract higher profit margin from premium products. Samsung India posted revenue of $2. 2 billion last year and this is expected to go up to $3. 5 billion this calendar year. Samsung’s global revenue is $116. 8 billion. The focus of its competitors is to penetrate in the rural and semi-urban mass markets. But Samsung insists that it's a high end technology driven player. That's why the urban areas are still a focus area for it and only 30 per cent of revenue comes from rural and semi-urban India. Howsoever in past few years samsung India.. Deputy Managing Director, Ravinder Zutshi says â€Å"Still, focusing on the premium customer will get you only so far – India is still a market powered by volume-growth the current strategy is to gain greater reach among the masses – not through pricing, but through product innovation†. he vehemently rejects the price warrior tag, though. â€Å"Samsung is not a price warrior but today we are as competitively priced as our rivals. The focus is on expansion and deeper market penetration,† he adds â€Å"We are aiming at market leadership not only in the premium category of products but also mass categories like flat televisions† It is difficult to achieve the ambitious targets keeping in mind the pricing strategy of Samsung. But, they believe that it takes time to ensure your supremacy in market share. Once you get your brand perception right in the minds of the consumers as a brand that delivers the best technology and gives you value for money, then ultimately market share goes up. Now Samsung has changed its policy a bit and instead of just remaining a high-end technology driven brand it tried to change its image to sell products to the huge number of middle income families in India. It started pricing its products on the â€Å"value for money† concept, keeping in mind the price sensitivity of Indian consumers. But still Samsung has the repute of being a premium brand, aggressive in launching newer models with the latest technology and at economic costs throughout the world. Promotion Strategy: â€Å"Turn on Tomorrow† â€Å"We are investing aggressively in marketing to transform our company to be truly market driven and to establish our Samsung brand as the most trusted and preferred brand in the market. † – Vice-chairman & CEO, Samsung Electronics Promotion stands for various activities the company undertakes to communicate and promote its products to the target market. The Making of a Global Brand When Samsung decided to become globalized, it acquired a new corporate identity by changing its logo and that of the group. In the new logo, the words Samsung Electronics were written in white color on a blue color background to represent stability, reliability and warmth. The words Samsung Electronics were written in English in process of globalization drive. The logo was shaped elliptical representing a moving world – symbolizing advancement and change†¦ To capture the retail market for consumer electronic goods, such as TVs, washing machines and microwave ovens, it formed partnerships with retailing giants like Best Buy. Advertising and Promotional Strategies To promote the ideas, goods or services advertising is important and in this course it launched promotion depicting product transformation into more advanced models, in course of time. This depicts the importance that they give to the research and development and making people understand that they are not just trend followers but are trend setters. Samsung launched corporate advertisements highlighting its technologically superior goods as they entered into the Indian market, and positioned itself in the mindset of consumer as the products are known for its quality like: †¢Samsung branded its products as superior technology and environment friendly ones with refrigerators and ACs incorporate with revolutionary new technology called Silver Nano Health System that ensures freshness and bacteria free environment. Also, it launched the â€Å"Bio† range of products. †¢Launched a special marketing campaign for Flat Tvs including a focused advertising campaign â€Å"Duniya Hai Gol, TV Flat† and attractive exchange offers. Adding to these, Samsung launches an extensive ad campaign in all sorts of media (like print, electronic) whenever a new product is being launched. These create public awareness and add to these media hoarding at major junctions and displays at point of purchases are done. Also, it offers special incentives like price off, patronage rewards, etc during festival season in order to create an incentive to buy the product, and a special ambience is created during the festive offers at the point of purchases to give the feel of Indian nativity of the company. Samsung built trust and confidence by their active promotion and advertising. Associations with various others across the world made the globally known and built its image on its association. †¢The partnership between Samsung mobile and SSAFW (Sanlam South African Fashion Week) shows the fusion of art, fashion and technology. It radiates technological elegance and stylish panache, by joining forces off SSAFW and enhances techno-fashion centered brand. †¢Samsung India associated itself with the ruling passion of Indian consciousness: Cricket. It launched a Team Samsung campaign, which caught the imagination of the entire campaign. Also, in 2004 it bought biggest spectacle debate of this decade to India vs Pakistan cricket series – â€Å"The Samsung Cup†. †¢Not confining itself to cricket, Samsung sponsors the Indian contingent to the Olympics and the Asian Games. It also ran training programmes for deserving Indian athletes under the Olympic Ratna banner. Samsung also helped India to bring the Olympic torch relay to India. †¢Samsung also brings the World Cyber Games, which is regarded as the Olympics of the Cyber World to India every year. †¢In mobile phones, Samsung tied up with a noted painter Satish Gujral for his paintings to be available as downloads on Samsung mobile phones. †¢Product placements were done in movies and popular television serials where Samsung products were set in lifestyle environments. For microwaves, Samsung ran a Kitchen-on-Wheels programme where mobile kitchens with microwave ovens went to various localities demonstrating the advantage of microwave cooking. Sports Partnership (Globally): †¢Samsung sponsored Olympic Winter Games in 1998 and will officially sponsor bOlympic Games and Olympic movements for the next 8 years and this would only enhance their global image. Samsung was official sponsor of telecommunications equipment category from 1998 to 2010. †¢Sponsors of English premiership club Chelsea FC, the premiership known globally and attract a good number of audiences all across the globe. Samsung also signed a partnership deal with Mexican football Team Club Deportivo Guadalajara for six years in 2008 and provides plasma and LCD screens for team’s new stadium Estadio Chivas, indirectly promoting the brand. †¢ In 2009, signed a 3 year deal with Brazillian Football Team Palmeiras, having their logo on shirts and products to the club. †¢Samsung Super League with International Federation for Equestrain Sports and FEI Nations Cup, the world’s oldest and best renowned equestrian series. †¢Also sponsors rugby league team Sydney Roosters in Australian National Rugby League. It is the sponsor of Essendon Football club in A – League. †¢Sponsor of NASCAR Nextel Cup, French People’s Baseball Team, running festival in Taiwan, and professional StarCraft team (Samsung Khan). †¢Official HDTV sponsor of the National Football League (NFL). †¢Official IAAF (International Association of Athletics Federations) partner of 2009 (Berlin, Germany) and 2011 (Daegu, South Korea), IAAF World Championships in Athletics and 2010 IAAF world Indoor Championships. Brand Ambassador: Samsung in India have various brand ambassadors for various divisions. Aamir Khan for mobiles, Priyanka Chopra has been recently chosen as brand ambassador for home appliances, Olympic Gold Medalist Abhinav Bindra for consumer electronic business. Aamir Khan was apart a various ad campaigns like Next is What, Wave, Galaxy series and so on. He is known in the industry as Mr. Perfect and they are using that indirectly to show that their mobiles are perfect. Also as Samsung is sponsor for Olympics the image of Abhinav Bindra, who is the first Indian individual Gold Medallist at Olympics. Annexure 1: Annexure 2: Samsung Product Line Samsung India product line as on the Samsung India website: The product line has been divided into five main categories as shown in the above figure. The mobile phone category has been divided into eight different sub-categories: The Tv/Audio/Video category is divided into five sub-categories: The Camera/Camcorder category contains: The Home appliances category has five main sub-categories: The PC/Peripherals category includes: