An Introduction to Islam - 2549 Words

AN INTRODUCTION TO ISLAM To observant Muslims, ritual prayer is as natural as sleeping or eating. Islam is not just one component of its believers lives, a set of beliefs remembered on special occasions. Rather, for the devout, it is a way of life. Its tenets and rules permeate almost everything, often including politics and government. In a world swayed by misunderstanding of cultural differences, Islam and its adherents often are stereotyped and caricatured, branded with the violent or sexist image of a small minority of zealots. In reality, Islam is no better characterized by acts of Middle Eastern terrorists, for example, than is Christianity by acts of Northern Irelands terrorists. Islam is an ancient religion with profound†¦show more content†¦Although Islam has taken root in cultures as diverse as those of Egypt, China and the United States, in each region acquires local customs not mandated by the religion -- such as women wearing veils -- Islamic scholars say Muslims everywhere share a core of basic principles, the so-called five pillars of the faith. The first pillar is the profession of faith or, in Arabic, the shahadah. The Council on Islamic Education, an American organization comprising historians and academicians, calls this the central theme of Islam because many Muslims repeat it, in Arabic, several times a day to remind themselves of Gods central position in their lives. The second pillar is ritual worship, or salah. Muslims are required to pray formally five times a day -- at dawn, midday, afternoon, evening and night. At each time, a man summons believers to prayer by calling from atop the mosques tower, or minaret, or by using loudspeakers. Those out of earshot simply rely on a watch. Muslims may pray alone or in a group as long as they face the Saudi Arabian city of Mecca, Muhammads birthplace and the holiest city of Islam. It is common in many predominantly Islamic countries to see Muslims performing the salah wherever they happen to be at the appropriate time. After repeating the prescribed prayer, Muslims may add personal prayers. Similar to some Christian prayers, the salahShow MoreRelatedIntroduction Of Islam And The Environment1665 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction to Islam and the Environment A few problems we face in the world today include harmful ozone layer destruction, unmanageable global warming, disgustingly high levels of pollution, dangerously high rates of natural resource depletion, and extinction at astronomical rates. 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Then, I would like for you to consider the ontological aspect of these three religions. Meaning, Islam stresses â€Å"submission† while Judeo-Christian theology stresses free will. How does this change the relationship between these three, related religions? The relationship between humanity and God? Do you see a way that this difference can

The Dos and Donts of Argument Essay Student Samples

The Do's and Don'ts of Argument Essay Student Samples The Secret to Argument Essay Student Samples You only want to say that the argument is unwarranted for a lot of reasons. A comprehensive argument As mentioned before, an argument does not need to be formal. In addition, do not at any point suggest that it has any merits. Quite simply, the Rogerian argument examines the idea from various sides and doesn't categorically deny any of them. Most conclusions are just a paragraph in length as the conclusion is predicted to be an overview of the whole essay. Make certain you own a thesis statement and topic sentences for each and every paragraph. Each paragraph needs to be restricted to the discussion of one general idea. Your introductory paragraph ought to be clear and concise just enjoy the example. If you're new to writing argumentative essays, there are a couple of important factors which you can learn that may help you compose a far better argumentative essay. If you would like to receive a high score in your essay, do your very best to present new thoughts and support your opinions. In college, there are numerous essays a student must write. Also, you can look for sample expository essay topics so you will be aware of what to research and that which you will deal with. To compose a fantastic argumentative essay the students first must investigate. The aim of a literary analysis essay is to cautiously examine and sometimes. You might also see essay examples. You could also see concept essays. No matter the quantity or kind of research involved, argumentative essays must set a very clear thesis and follow sound reasoning. Remember that the period of your essay is dependent upon the assignment provided to you. A superb essay should have essential points. A very good Rogerian essay is dependent heavily on a detailed essay topic. An argumentative essay is a certain sort of academic writing. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you might want to argue is an excellent start. In order to give an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it is best to take a look at some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. To compose a great argumentative essay, there are four significant components of the essay you're likely to have to know about. Whether it's an argumentative or expository essay which you are writing, it is vital to develop a clear thesis statement and a very clear sound reasoning. The samples will provide you with ideas on the way you answer the questions offered to you. You might also want to incorporate a brief discussion of more research that ought to be completed in light of your work. Keep in mind that the previous two writing forms are written in the very first person. Once you receive an idea, the practice of writing will be much simpler. The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Bear in mind an argumentative essay is based more on facts instead of emotion. Look through the list of topics cautiously and start making a mental collection of the evidence you are able to use on topics you want. Think freely, but you're not permitted to consider anything else besides the topic accessible. Students have a difficult time in writing if they don't have a draft or outline to follow. They lead busy lives and often forget about an upcoming deadline. Not only that but they will be able to access their online courses and be able to follow the lecture through powerpoints. To write a strong argumentative essay, they should begin by familiarizing themselves with some of the common, and often conflicting, positions on the research topic so that they can write an informed paper. Drafting and planning in addition to researching should be done in order to have a simple writing. The practice of how to compose a resume for high school students dynamically begins with the basic ideas listed above and you are able to be sure they indeed get the job done. A lot of high school students are almost always new to CVs and therefore, you cannot be certain you know the way the high school resume format should be like. After all, the duty of the student is to just explain how other positions might not be well informed or updated on the subject.

The Electoral College Essay Research Paper When free essay sample

The Electoral College Essay, Research Paper When the Constitutional Convention gathered in 1784 they had the hard undertaking of finding how our authorities should be assembled and what systems we should utilize to elect them. They rapidly decided Congress should hold the powers to go through Torahs and the people should elect these people to guarantee they are following the will of the people. But who should elect the president? Congress was the initial pick of most of the framers, but so they realized they foremost dilemma ; by holding Congress elect the president, he would be loyal merely to congress and non the people. The 2nd and most logically thought was to hold the people elect the president. However, this excessively was a job in the eyes of most of the framers. They felt that people were prone to being rash and emotional and hence could non be trusted to do a wise determination. So so Congress settled on the concluding pick, which was to be a via media between the smaller and larger provinces, which would guarantee that the president would be reasonably and sagely selected and that smaller provinces would hold the same power as larger provinces. This system is called the Electoral College. In the Electoral College, each province is granted one ballot for every representative and one for every senator, therefore guaranting that each province would be every bit represented when electing the president. However, the same inquiry arises every four old ages, are the ideals that were used to make the Electoral College system over 200 old ages ago still applicable today or have that outlived their intended intents? In order to reply that we must foremost research the intents for puting up the Electoral College and so find how relevant it is to today. The first intent for puting up the Electoral College was to guarantee that Congress did non hold excessively much power. When the system of authorities was eventually decided on, our establishing male parents understood the importance of the balance of power within the three subdivisions of the authorities. They called this system cheques and balances. This system was set up to guarantee that the authorities would stay loyal to the people and loyal to their provinces ( Hamilton ) . In The Federalist Papers, No. 68, Alexander Hamilton discusses the importance of holding the president elected by the Electoral College. He said that in order to guarantee that we do non stop up with the same jobs that America had with the sovereign of England, it was of import that the balance of power was spread throughout the authorities and that no one part hold excessively much power. Another ground Alexander Hamilton gave for non holding Congress elect the president was that the laminitiss wanted to reassure provinces that they had non given up all their power to a federal authorities. In order to sign the fundamental law, the framers knew that it would hold to be approved in each of the 13 provinces. They besides knew that these provinces would be disbelieving of a powerful cardinal authorities that would hold the ability to take away all their rights. So, they would hold to do certain that each of these provinces was comfy with the sum of power given to each subdivision of the cardinal authorities. This point is besides clearly apparent today. During the election this twelvemonth, the Republican Party ran on a platform that included the premiss of a smaller authorities. This platform was in line with an MSNBC canvass that was taken in July 2000, which asked this inquiry, # 8220 ; Do you believe it is of import to restrict the size of the federal authorities? # 8221 ; Over 72 per centum of the 4,143 people surveyed said they believed that it is of import to restrict the size of the authorities. So even in the age of authorities plans which help back up the citizens of this state, people still understand the importance of maintaining our authorities little. The 2nd intent for the Electoral College was to give smaller provinces the same rights and powers as the larger provinces. There are two primary grounds why the smaller provinces have the same, if non more, power than the larger provinces when it comes to electing the president. The first is, a presidential campaigner must have 270 Electoral ballots in order to win the presidential term ( Law ) . To make so that means that he would necessitate to have Electoral ballots from a broad scope of provinces and can non restrict himself to a certain part of the state. This means that some of the smaller provinces will have the attending of presidential campaigners. The 2nd grounds smaller provinces have the same, or more power, as larger provinces is in how the Electoral ballots are distributed ( Law ) . If you take a province such as Alaska, with a population of 619,500, which has three Electoral ballots, this means that they have one ballot for every 206,500 in population. Compared to California, which has a population of 33,145,121, and 54 Electoral ballots. That works out to be one Electoral ballot for every 613,799 in population. That means that person who votes in the province of Alaska has three times the voting power of person who votes in California. This is what ensures that campaigners for president do non disregard these smaller provinces. Another manner to see the consequence of size is to look at the analogy of a coin flip. For a simple illustration, allow # 8217 ; s assume that merely two campaigners are running, A versus B, and each ballot is like a random coin flip, with a 50 per centum opportunity of traveling either manner. In your province of three, there # 8217 ; s a 50 per centum opportunity that the other two ballots will divide, one for A and the other for B, and therefore a 50 per centum opportunity that your individual ballot will find the election. Therefore campaigners will give each of the three of you a batch of regard. As a state gets larger, the citizens voting power psychiatrists. If you are portion of a five-voter state, the other four electors would hold to divide, two for A and two for B # 8211 ; for your ballot to turn the election. The chance of that occurrence is 3 in 8, or 37.5 per centum. As the state # 8217 ; s size continues to travel up, single vote power continues to d rop. This power of the smaller provinces was particularly apparent during this twelvemonth # 8217 ; s election. For the first clip in many old ages, the campaigners knew that the election would be near. Because of this, presidential and vice-presidential campaigners visited smaller provinces in record Numberss. For illustration, Oregon, with its 7 Electoral ballots had 17 visits from these campaigners during this election. This more than tripled the figure of visits during the 1996 presidential race and reinforced the importance of smaller provinces holding the Electoral College. The 3rd, and last intent, for the Electoral College was that the framers did non swear the # 8220 ; mob. # 8221 ; ( Natapoff ) . They believed that a big electorate could easy # 8220 ; fall quarry to passions, rumours, and tumult. # 8221 ; Voters were supposed to see each campaigner # 8217 ; s virtues more judiciously, non merely blindly follow the popular will. Akhil Amar, a authorities professor at Yale University, argues that the Electoral College was set up 200 old ages ago because, # 8220 ; Common people may non hold adequate accurate information to do a wise determination and hence needed person to guarantee the right picks would be made. # 8221 ; ( Onion ) . James Madison, main designer of the Electoral College, besides wanted to protect each citizen against, # 8220 ; the most insidious dictatorship that arises in democracies: the massed power of fellow citizens banded together in a dominant axis. A well-designed democracy might include obstructions to queer an overbearing bulk and to forestall a campaigner from merely courting the largest bloc. # 8221 ; Madison farther explained in the Federalist Papers ( No. Ten ) , # 8220 ; a well-constructed Union must, above all else, interruption and command the force of cabal, particularly the superior force of an authoritarian bulk. In any democracy, a bulk # 8217 ; s power threatens minorities. It threatens their rights, their belongings, and sometimes their lives. # 8221 ; Unfortunately, this has been an ongoing job since the fundamental law was written. Some illustrations of the multitudes doing hapless determinations that affect the lives of many can be seen in topographic points like Nazi Germany, where the multitudes supported the Third Reich and there attempts to extinguish the Jews. This is still go oning today in topographic points like Yugoslavia, where the bulk continues to elect Slavadon Malosivich even though he continues to kill the people of Bosnia and Croatia. To forestall these types of things from go oning in a democracy, you must put in safe guards against this and that is why the framers decided to utilize the Electoral College system to protect the American people. However, there are some people who feel that the Electoral College has jobs. The most widely talked about job with the Electoral College is the rare juncture when person can really win the popular ballot and free in the Electoral College. Just such a scenario is get downing to play in this twelvemonth # 8217 ; s election. It appears as though Al Gore has won the popular ballot while it appears that George W. Bush will win the Electoral College. And this to some people seems really unjust and undemocratic. There are a few jobs with this theory. The first is, in order to protect the American people against dictatorship, this things may go on. Although, in the last 220+ old ages, merely 5 times has the victor of the popular ballot non been elected president. That # 8217 ; s a reasonably good path record by any measuring. Second, even though Al Gore did win the popular ballot, he knew good before the election that the lone bulk that mattered is in the Electoral College. The easiest man ner to explicate this would be Natapoff # 8217 ; s account of the 1960 World Series. The more that Natapoff looked into the nitty-gritty of existent elections, the more analogues he found with another American establishment that stirs up the same emotion, baseball # 8217 ; s World Series. In the World Series, for illustration, the squad that gets the most runs overall is like the campaigner who gets the most popular ballot. But to go title-holder, that squad must still win most of the games. In 1960, during a World Series as nail-bitingly close as that twelvemonth # 8217 ; s presidential conflict between Kennedy and Nixon, the New York Yankees, with the combination of Mantle, Marris, and Bill # 8220 ; Moose # 8221 ; Skowron, scored more than twice as many entire tallies as the Pittsburgh Pirates, 55 to 27. Yet the Yankees lost the best of seven series four games to three. Even the Northerners fans conceded that the Pirates deserved to win in this difficult fought conflict. Runs must be grouped in a manner that wins games, merely as popular ballots must be grouped in a manner that wins provinces. The Northerners won three runawaies ( 16-3, 10-0, 12-0 ) , but they couldn # 8217 ; t come up with the tallies they needed in the other four games, which were close ( Table A ) . In athleticss, we accept that a true title-holder should be more consistent than the 1960 Yankees. A title-holder should be able to win at least some of the tough, close competitions by every agency available # 8211 ; bunting, stealing, pitching, and dazing drama in the field # 8211 ; and non merely hit place tallies against third-rate hurlers. A presidential campaigner worthy of office, by the same logic, should hold a wide entreaty across the whole state, and non merely play strongly on a remarkable issue to stray axis of electors. Therefore it can be argued that merely because you get more ballots, it does non intend that you are the best individual for the occupation. Postpone A # 8211 ; 1960 World Series: Game 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sum Runs Total Wins Pittsburgh Pirates 6 3 0 3 5 0 10 27 4 New York Yankees 4 16 10 2 2 12 9 55 3 The Electoral College was created to guarantee that Congress did non hold excessively much power, to give the smaller provinces more power, and to protect the multitudes from dictatorship. The system the framers of the Constitution formed is an establishment that is even more effectual today than it was over 200 old ages ago. My hope is that after reading this paper and measuring the grounds, you will hold gained a better apprehension of the importance of the Electoral College and its effectivity in today # 8217 ; s universe.

Ranking the Stakeholders in Oxfam Essay Example

Ranking the Stakeholders in Oxfam Essay On a priority ranking scale, I strongly believe that the donors and customers are the second most priority. The reason being is that the customers/ donors in my opinion are the foundation of Oxfam. The explanation is that without these 2 stakeholders Oxfam would find it quite difficult to operate, as firstly they would have no funds, and secondly due to lack of funds, the work they do would be limited. Lastly the impact that these 2 stakeholders embrace is too much for them not to be the priority stakeholder in Oxfam. This opinion is justified in the Oxfam annual report which clearly shows that funds raised from donors/ customer(Who contribute a form of donations) is ? 4 million higher than the previous year. The reason why I have placed these 2 stakeholders together is because they share the same common interest to donate in some form to Oxfam; by doing this they are working together as 2 stakeholders to impact Oxfam positively. The Volunteers/Employees On a priority ranking scale I place volunteers/employees third on the scale. The reason being is that I do not believe their influence is great enough to match the people in poverty, and the customers and donors. Without these 2 groups of stakeholders, volunteers/employees would have no purpose to even work for Oxfam. The Oxfam website indicates that all projects undertaken are all achievable due to those that work with Oxfam. Furthermore I have decided that Volunteers and employee’s have a link with donors and customers as they both share a common view. We will write a custom essay sample on Ranking the Stakeholders in Oxfam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ranking the Stakeholders in Oxfam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ranking the Stakeholders in Oxfam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This view being that they both confer towards Oxfam in ethical and moral ways. They both work together to contribute to make a â€Å"Greater† impact. One of the main opposing interests is that volunteers/employees feel they should be treated as more valuable due to the amount of time they contribute to Oxfam. Oxfam resolves this issue by asking if all customers/ Donors would be interested in becoming a volunteer or employee to Oxfam. This then increases the amount of volunteers/ employees who work for Oxfam. Supermarket Chains On a priority ranking scale, I place supermarket chains fourth. The motive being that my personal believe is that despite sponsoring Oxfam morally, I still believe the only reason they do so is for publicity reasons, resulting in more sales. My personal opinion is that they use Oxfam as a catalyst for their own good, and to cover this they give small donations irregularly. As stakeholders I would link them with the donors and customers. The reason being is that supermarket chains raise the reputation of Oxfam by because they use their activities to advertise products and services. I strongly believe it is highly likely that the customers/donors would have noticed these advertisements and decided to donate and buy from Oxfam. People in Poverty On a priority ranking scale I place this stakeholder at number one. The reason being is that the people in poverty are the instigation for why Oxfam exist and the motive for the work they do. There interests conflict with other stakeholders, but positively. Due to unfortunate events these people in poverty lack food, water, shelter, education etc, and it is these interests of the people which stimulate other stakeholders to greaten what they do to help. As it is a charity all the majority stakeholders hold the same interest , this allows the work of Oxfam to be completed efficiently and successfully, rather than working against each other , the work with each other to make the main aim and objective â€Å"Making a greater impact† a success.

happy feet Essay Example

happy feet Essay Example happy feet Paper happy feet Paper happy feet BY kealaog hghbvutkJvht gughJk ykJh gyuk vtuykiyg gkuluif Jnh bnhJJ jkbkJJbh uhiuhuikany Animal Logic. Though primarily an animated film, Happy Feet does incorporate motion capture of live action humans in certain scenes. The film was simultaneously released in both conventional theatres and in IMAX 2D format. [2] The studio had hinted that a future IMAX 3D release was a possibility. However, Warner Bros. , the films production company, was on too tight a budget to release Happy Feet in IMAX digital 3D. 3] Happy Feet won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and the BAFTA Award or Best Animated Film, and was nominated for the Annie Award for Best Animated Feature and the Saturn Award for Best Animated Film. The film was dedicated in memory of Nick Enright, Michael Jonson, Robby McNeilly Green, and Steve Irwin. A sequel, Happy Feet Two, was released into theatres November 18, 2011 and received mixed reviews. Contents [hide] 1 Plot 2 cast 3 Production 3. 1 Environmenta l message 3. 2 MusiC 4 Reception 4. 1 Box office 4. 2 Critical reception 4. Analysis 4. 4 Home media 5 Accolades 5. 1 Wins 5. 2 Nominations 5. 3 Top ten lists 6 Video games 7 Sequels 8 Happy Feet 4-D Experience See also 10 References 11 External links plot Every Emperor Penguin sings a unique song called a heartsong to attract a mate. If the male penguins heartsong matches the females song, the two penguins mate. Norma Jean, a female penguin, falls for Memphis, a male penguin and they become mates. They lay an egg, which is left in Memphis care, while Norma Jean leaves with the other females to fish. While the males struggle through the harsh winter, Memphis briefly drops the egg. The resulting chick, Mumble, has no vocal talent, but regarded as the most talented of his age. One day, Mumble encounters a group of ostile Skua, with a leader who is tagged with a yellow band, which he claims to have been from an alien abduction. Mumble narrowly escapes the hungry birds by falling into a crevice. Years later, an adult Mumble is now an outcast who is frowned upon by his elders. After being shunned during the graduates song, he is attacked by a leopard seal. After escaping, he befriends a group of Adelie Penguins called the Amigos, who embrace Mumbles dance moves and assimilate him into their group. After seeing a hidden human excavator in an avalanche, they opt to ask Lovelace, a Rockhopper Penguin, about its origin. Lovelace has the plastic rings of a six pack entangled around his neck, which he claims to have been bestowed upon him by mystic beings. For the emperor penguins, it is mating season and Gloria is the center of attention. Ramon tries to help Mumble win her affection by singing a Spanish version of My Way, with Mumble lip syncing. When Gloria sees Ramon behind Mumbles back, she becomes angry and turns away. As a last resort, Mumble begins tap dancing in synch with her song. She falls for him and all the youthful penguins join in for singing and dancing to Boogie Wonderland. The elders are appalled by Mumbles conduct, which they see as the reason for their lean fishing season. Memphis begs Mumble to stop dancing, for his own sake, but when Mumble refuses, he is banished. Mumble and the Amigos return to Lovelace, only to find him being choked by the plastic rings. : Lovelace confesses they were snagged on him while swimming off the forbidden shores, beyond the land of the elephant seals. Not long into their Journey, they are met by Gloria, who wishes to Join with Mumble as his mate. Fearing for her safety, he ostracizes Gloria, driving her away. At the forbidden shore, the group finds a fishing boat. Mumble pursues it solo to the brink of xhaustion. He is eventually washed up on the shore of Australia, where he is rescued and kept at Marine World with Magellanic Penguins. After a long and secluded confinement in addition to fruitlessly trying to communicate with the humans, he nearly succumbs to madness. When a girl attempts to interact with Mumble by tapping the glass, he starts dancing, which attracts a large crowd. He is released back into the wild, with a tracking device attached to his back. He returns to his colony and challenges the will of the elders. Memphis reconciles with him, Just as a research team arrives, proving the aliens to be true. The whole of the colony, even Noah, engages in dance. The research team returns their expedition footage, prompting a worldwide debate. The governments realize they are overfishing, leading to the banning of all Antarctic fishing. At this, the Emperor Penguins and the Amigos celebrate. In the final scene, a baby penguin is seen dancing next to Mumble and Gloria, revealed to be their son Erik in Happy Feet Two. Cast Elijah Wood as Mumble Robin Williams as Ramon and Lovelace Brittany Murphy as Gloria Hugh Jackman as Memphis Nicole Kidman as Norma Jean Hugo Weaving as Noah the Elder Steve Irwin as Trev Lombardo Boyar as Raul Jeffrey Garcia as Rinaldo Johnny Sanchez as Lombardo Miriam Margoyles as Mrs. Astrakhan Fat Joe as Seymour Anthony LaPaglia as Skua Boss Roger Rose as Leopard Seal Elizabeth Daily as baby Mumble Alyssa Shafer as baby Gloria Production Miller cites as an initial inspiration for the film an encounter with a grizzled old camera-man, whose father was Frank Hurley of the Shackleton expeditions, during the shooting of Mad Max 2: We were sitting in this bar, having a milkshake, and he looked across at me and said, Antarctica. Hed shot a documentary there. He said, YouVe got to make a film in Antarctica. Its Just like out here, in the wasteland. Its spectacular. And that always stuck in my head. [4] Happy Feet was also partially inspired by earlier documentaries such as the BBCs Life in the Freezer. [5] In 2001, during an otherwise non-sequiter meeting, Doug Mitchell impulsively presented Warner Bros. , studio president Alan Horn with an early rough draft of the films screenplay, and asked them to read it while he and Miller flew back to Australia. By the time theyd landed, Warner Bros. ad decided to provide funding on the film. Production was slated to begin sometime after the completion of the fourth Mad Max ilm, Fury Road, but geo-political complications pushed Happy Feet to the forefront in early 2003. An earlier cut of the film seems to have included a large subplot regarding aliens in the extraterrestrial sense, whose presence was made gradually more and more known throughout, and who were planning to siphon off the planets reso urces gradually, placing the humans in the same light as the penguins. At the end, through the plight of the main character, their hand is stayed and, instead, first contact is made. This was chopped out during the last year of production, and has et to see the light of day in a finished form, although concept art from these sequences were showcased at the Siggraph 2007 demonstration,[6] and are available online, as well. The animation in Happy Feet invested heavily in motion capture technology, with the dance scenes acted out by human dancers. The tap-dancing for Mumble in particular was provided by Savion Glover who was also co-choreographer for the dance sequences. [7] The dancers went through Penguin School to learn how to move like a penguin, and also wore head apparatus to mimic a penguins ygbbuikyfk dct gwlb uyyitf; fu lgy I yug; g; g;

Definition of Conditional Tense

Definition of Conditional Tense Definition The verb tense that is used to indicate that an action or state of being is dependent on the occurrence of a condition. Also Known As This tense in Spanish is also known as the futuro hipotà ©tico, tiempo potencial or tiempo condicional in Spanish. Explanation In the sentence Si lo encuentro, serà ­a un milagro (If I find it, it would be a miracle), the first part of the sentence (Si lo encuentro or If I find it) is the condition. Serà ­a and would be are in the conditional tense because whether they refer to an actual occurrence depends on whether the condition is true. In both English and Spanish, the condition does not need to be explicitly stated. In the sentence Yo lo comerà ­a (I would eat it), the condition is not stated but is implied by the context. For example, the condition might be something like Si lo veo (If I see it) or Si lo cocinas (If you cook it). In English, the conditional tense is formed using the auxiliary verb would before the base verb, although would also has other uses. In Spanish, the conditional tense for regular verbs is formed by adding the following endings (in boldface) to the infinitive: yo comerà ­a (I would eat)tà º comerà ­as (you singular would eat)à ©l/ella comerà ­a (he/she/it would eat)nosotros/nosotras comerà ­amos (we would eat)vosotros/vosotras comerà ­ais (you plural would eat)ellos/ellas comerà ­an (they would eat) In Spanish, the conditional tense has historical ties to the future tense and is often known as the hypothetical future tense. The ties between the two tenses can be seen in their formation from the infinitive rather than the verb stem. Also, if the future tense of a verb is formed irregularly, the conditional is usually irregular in the same way. For example, I would want is querrà ­a in the conditional and querrà © in the future. The conditional perfect tense is formed by using the conditional of haber with a past participle. This compound tense is shown in the final two examples below. Examples of the Conditional Tense These sentences show how the conditional tense is used: Serà ­a una sorpresa. (It would be a surprise.)Si pudieras jugar,  ¿estarà ­as feliz? (If you were able to play, would you be happy?)Si fuera posible, me gustarà ­a verte. (If it were possible, Id like to see you.Llegamos a pensar que nunca volverà ­amos a grabar una nueva cancià ³n. (We concluded that we would never again record a new song. Note that the English translation here isnt a literal one.)Creo que te habrà ­an escuchado. (I believe they would have listened to you.)Si no te hubiera conocido, mi vida habrà ­a sido diferente. (If I had not met you, my life would have been different.)

Co-creating New Social Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Co-creating New Social Business - Case Study Example In some countries, legal constraints have been embedded in their laws where companies are held responsible for actions contravening set rules and regulations on social responsibility and sustainability (Brugmann & Prahalad, 2007). Â  In adherence to the above, one of the striking strategies employed by companies is the conceptual analysis. In the conceptual analysis, companies are required to provide quality value based services and sustainability approaches to ecological sense as well as business sense. Provision of value-based services entail responding to customers’ expectations and satisfying their needs. However, this does not necessarily mean companies have to conform to customers’ thoughts, wishes, and perception. Value-based organizations are more attractive to customers and employees are normally motivated (Brugmann & Prahalad, 2007). Â  On the other hand, sustainability approach is in very many dimensions. Some of these dimensions are ethical, economic, nature philosophical, and social. Ethical dimension dictates the moral relationship that is used to define the future ways of doing business and social dimension are geared towards social justice within the society. As for nature philosophical and economic dimensions, the vulnerability of nature is presumed by limiting its degree of interference for future generations while in the economic sense theories and practices are used to create awareness on sustainable development.

Network Security Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Network Security Planning - Assignment Example White (2001) defines Cisco SAFE as architecture in security that offers guidelines for modular networks design approach (Cisco, 2010). This approach makes its ease for network designers to understand relationships thus proceed to execute security based on one module after the other unlike the traditional approach of implementing one broad approach for the entire enterprise. Despite its advantage of maximizing control and visibility, Cisco SAFE has limitations and this paper explores these limitations in detail and their impacts on network security. With Cisco SAFE, denial of service attacks is a widespread threat especially for organizations that do not implement protocol analysis in network security design. With poor protocol analysis, the network lacks significant pattern matching with IDS guaranteeing that the rules of each protocol are followed and this results to sending of both protocol related and unrelated data streams. Consequently, traffic is not valid and is an attack that bypasses security systems or an attack crashing the system due to invalid data presence in the intended system. DoS is overcome by ensuring that IDS in Cisco SAFE has the right knowledge of ordinary system protocols like UDP, TCP, FTP, and HTTP. A second limitation is distributed denial-of-service (DDoS). Without proper configuration of Cisco’s firewall Intrusion Detection System (IDS), organizational networks are subject to DDoS attacks preventing networks from bandwidth access (World, 2002). DDoS attacks consume entire business network bandwidth by attackers while Cisco IDS offers distinctive protection against DDoS by detecting attacks proactively and mitigate them. However, Cisco IDS requires configuration after router configuration to enable it to identify and block attacks prior to the occurrence of intrusion or unauthorized transactions and this calls for effective configuration of Cisco IDS. For any

Swallowing and Prediction of Dysphagia Severity Essay Example for Free

Swallowing and Prediction of Dysphagia Severity Essay Introduction: Daniels, McAdam, Brailey, and Foundas (1997) reviewed literature from Linden, Kuhlemeier, and Patterson (1993) and examined signs of aspiration, but specifically six risk factors, including dysphonia, dysarthria, abnormal gag reflex, abnormal volitional cough, voice change after swallow, and cough after swallow. They then designed their study in an attempt to link the six signs of aspiration to the diagnosis and severity of dysphagia. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the six risk factors approximated the VSS in identification of dysphagia severity (Daniels et al. , 1997). It was hypothesized that the presence of any one factor could predict at least mild dysphagia or normal swallowing on a video fluoroscopic swallow study (VSS) and that two factors could predict moderate dysphagia. Methods (Procedures): Fifty-nine male veterans, ages 41-88, with recent neurological deficits were recruited for the study and had one of the following issues: unilateral left hemispheric damage (22 men), bilateral hemispheric damage (18 men), and bilateral hemispheric damage (13 men), or brainstem lesions (6 men). The men were assessed by a neurologist using CT or MRI scans upon admission to view and localize lesions. They were then rescanned 2 weeks later if the initial scans yielded negative results. Excluded from the study were agitated patients and patients with a history of disorders and diseases other than stroke that would cause dysphagia. Within 5 days of admission, the men were given an oropharyngeal exam of gag reflex, volitional cough, speech, and voice. A video fluoroscopic assessment was also given that consisted of 3,5,10, and 20 ml, and  ½ tsp of barium paste along with half of a cookie to be swallowed. A swallow study was also performed by administering 5 ml of liquid, and then giving 10 and 20 ml volumes, which were administered twice each, unless the patients immediately had a negative reaction such as a cough. After each swallow, the men phonated â€Å"ah† to see if there was a change in vocal quality. Results: The VSS served as the outcome variable in determining dysphagia severity, which ranged from mild dysphagia to normal swallowing (scores 0-1; 1 if two or more of the six risk factors were present and 0 if one or less were present) to moderate to severe dysphagia (scores 2-4). The reliability for the scores was 92%. 74% of the 59 patients had varying dysphagia severity, while 5.1% had severe dysphagia. 13.6% had moderate to severe dysphagia along with aspiration, while 25.4% had moderate dysphagia, and 25.4% had normal swallowing. 47% had dysphonia, 63% had dysarthria, 27% had abnormal volitional cough, 42% had abnormal gag reflex, 41% had a cough after swallow, and 19% had voice change after swallow (Daniels et al., 1997). Discussion/Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that this clinical assessment has utility in the evaluation of acute stroke patients with probable dysphagia who may be at risk for the development of aspiration (Daniels et al., 1997). Also discussed was the fact that this assessment does not account for silent aspiration. In conclusion, early detection of aspiration by using this short assessment can reduce aspiration and pneumonia in patients if addressed early in their hospital stay. Commentary: This article provides helpful information for clinicians practicing in a medical setting. The article includes a flow chart to help determine which patients require further evaluation. Ill and physically challenged patients can avoid the physical distress of unnecessary testing with a proper bedside evaluation, and moderate to severe respiration can be caught early to prevent pneumonia. This study was performed in 1997, and clinicians are still using this method today, proving its reliability in early detection of aspiration.

Our Day Out by Willy Russell :: English Literature

Our Day Out by Willy Russell The play "Our Day Out" in based around the remedial class of an inner city Liverpool comprehensive. The children are the bottoms of the heap; they are not blessed with a well off families to support them. The two main teachers are Mrs Kay and Mr Briggs who views contrast and contradict each other throughout the play. On this particular day the "remedial class" are of on a school trip hence the title "Our Day Out" to Conway castle in Wales though this is not the only place the children get to see, the play takes us to a variety of different places (due to the fact that it was written for television broadcast). Russell primary idea may seem just to produce a play that is entertaining and suitable for a television broadcast. Though Russell provides with slice of life realism. I t could have a certain biographical side to it for Russell grew up in a similar area in Liverpool. Although at some points in the play the way Russell writes may seem biased trying to perform our opinions but he actually writes from different viewpoints providing us with an actual insight into the play. Russell major themes throughout the play are poverty, the lack of education and opportunity available; the social and cultural depravation suffered from living in such an inner-city area. It questions the ethics of bad parenting. The scenes I have choossen to anylais have great dramic importance to the play they are Kay. It focuses on a major aspect of the play: the depravation of the children. It proves again to us the yearning of Carol and the attitudes of both teachers. It provides a valuable insight into the play. Mrs Kay firstly asks Carol why she does not and go and look round the castle. To this Carol relies "Miss, I don't like it. It's horrible." At first you might think that she is referring to the castle building although later on in the scene she refers to the castle been a "nice" place. We already know that Carol is not an intellectual girl; she is still unable to read and write at the age of 13.Proving her lack of educational ability is the fact that she mistakes a lake for the see. Even though she is lacking in educational ability she is still aware of her surroundings in Wales and then back at home she is also aware of the differences between them. Though she is unable to express herself due to her low vocabulary and grammar skills. So when she uses the term "It's horrible" she is actually referring to the fact it's

Case Solution

Problems Q. 1 Consider a five-year coupon bond with a face value of $1000 paying an annual coupon of 15%. (i) If the current market yield is 8%, what is the bond’s price? (ii) If the current market yield increases by 1% what is the bond’s new price? (iii) Using your answers to part (i) and (ii) , what is percentage change in the bond’s price as a result of 1% increase in interest rates. Q. 2 Consider the following FI balance sheet: M. Match Ltd Assets| Liabilities| –year Treasury bond $175,000| 1-year CD$135,000| 15-year corporate bond$165,000| 5-year deposit$160,000| Notes: All securities are selling at par (equal to book value). The two-year Treasury bonds yield 5%; the 15-year corporate bonds yield 9%; the one-year CD issue pays 4. 5% and the five-year deposit pays 8%. Assume that all instruments have annual coupon payments. (a) What is the value of M. Match Ltd’s equity? (b) What is the weighted average maturity of FI’s assets? (c) What i s the weighted average maturity of FI’s liabilities? d) What is the FI’s maturity gap? (e) What does your answer to part (d) imply about the interest rate risk exposure of M. Match Ltd? (f) Calculate the values of all four securities on M. Match Ltd’s balance sheet if all interest rates increase by 2%. (g) What is the impact on the equity of M. Match Ltd? Calculate the percentage change in the value of equity. (h) What would be the impact on M. Match Ltd’s risk exposure if its liabilities paid semi-annually as opposed to annually? Q. An insurance company issues a $100,000 one-year bond paying 7% annually in order to finance the acquisition of a $100,000 one-year corporate loan paying 9 % semi-annually. (a) What is the insurance company’s maturity gap? What does the maturity model state about interest rate risk exposure given the insurance company’s maturity gap? (b) Immediately after the insurance company makes these investments, all interes t rates increase by 3%. What is the impact on the asset cash flows? What is the impact on the liability cash flows?

Integrating sustainability Essay

During the recent years many challenges have started facing communities due to the controversial tendencies in the modern world- rapid urbanization and struggles of communities for keeping environment in the state which was common for it for many centuries. The problem which communities have come across now is very complex, and requires a very well-considered approach. On one hand, the present generation wants to enjoy all the benefits of the time and take advantages of everything what it offers to them. On the other hand, it’s important to maintain to the environment in such a way that future generations can take advantage of it as well. It’s impossible to use all of the natural resources in just recent years because further generations will not be able to use them. Therefore, issues of sustainability have become particularly sharp lately. One of the ways to face the challenge and devote necessary attention to sustainability issues is by carrying out well-balanced policy on the government level, defining the mission statement of the policy, setting correct objectives, analyzing the present state of environment and factors influencing it, and suggesting measures which can be used in order to implement the adopted strategies. The major role of strategic planning in this matter cannot be doubted. The strategy has to be carried out at the highest level in order to meet all of the goals which nowadays reality sets in front of us. In Sutherland Shire, the damage of land is connected with urban growth and the consequent influence on water quality, biodiversity and air quality. As the State of Environment Report states, â€Å"in 2002/03, a total of 2,728 development applications were received in the Shire. Of these, 2,400 development applications were approved (54 less than approved in 2001/02). Of all development applications received, 13% were associated with new residential development. Medium density development accounted for 2% (50) of all development applications in 2002/03. † (State of Environment Report, p. 10). Sutherland Shire Council has been very efficient during the recent years in setting objectives and implementing all the activities regarding environmental protection. The plans issued by the Sutherland Council manage to cover all the necessary issues which rise in the shire during the recent years. On one hand, the council focuses on the modern developments made in the shire but it also devotes lots of attention to environmental problems. In order to achieve maximum efficiency, the council regards all the activities provided in the shire to improve the life of dwellers through the prism of environmental protection. This approach has proved to be very efficient for present day realities. As the Management Plan of Sutherland Shire states, â€Å"†¦Sustainability is the ability to provide choices for future generations of the Shire without compromising those of our generation. The Shire has made progress in addressing challenges in community issues and safety, the natural environment, and transport, identified in 2000. Further integration of transport choices with land use, which affects community issues, safety and the environment, is required. An informed democratic process which carefully addresses Shire risks, and continued commitment to sustainability in council management, are fundamental to achieving sustainability. † (Management Plan, 15) The perception of sustainability provided by Sutherland Shire Council plays a very important role in all the activities provided by the council. They include solving problems regarding community safety, transport, natural environment, and some other issues. The Management Plan and State of Environment Plan of Sutherland Shire both focus on ecologically sustainable development. The whole purpose of such development is taking into consideration all of the objectives which were set in NSW Local Government Act in 1993. The Management Plan has also been created according to the council adopted Our Guide for Shaping the Shire to 2030. The major strategic goals which the council states in the Management Plan are â€Å"†¦to pursue sustainability across economic, social and environmental considerations. We address economic, social and environmental issues on a day to day basis and in this plan, have made this more tangible with triple bottom line statements against our principal activities† (Management Plan, p. 12). The plan also states that the council’s vision of the shire is â€Å"a community working together to attain safe, healthy and active lifestyles, through accountable decision-making, that achieves sustainable development and economic opportunities, that respect people and nature† (Management Plan, p. 11). Describing the vision of the shire is a very important part of strategic planning of the council because the achievement of the marked vision of the shire is the major strategic goal which the council sets for the community. The strategic goal is expressed very well in the plan, and this enables the council to plan the activities carefully in order to achieve the goal. According to all of the mentioned documents, all the developments which take place in the shire during the following years had to be done without damaging the natural environment and preventing future generations from enjoying the benefits of clean water, beautiful gardens and many other advantages which nature has given to the shire long ago. The NSW Local Government Act stated that urban development which is currently occurring in the shire is very dangerous for the natural resources, for example water, air quality, biodiversity. Therefore, when adopting future plans for the development of shire, it was very important for the local council to take into consideration all the measures which would prevent natural environment from damage. Most of the measures taken during the recent years were very successful in this regard. According to the Sutherland Shire Management Plan, the two key components of ESD in local government are: a requirement for natural resource protection actions (e. g. bushland, waterways, tree canopy, etc. ) in all unit work programs, based on management plan development, including descriptions of individual management responsibilities within core business; reporting State of the Environment results including likely outcomes for key natural resource health indicators as a result of community decisions on planning options. (Management Plan, p. 14). The council has planned many measures which would be crucial in environmental protection. In the UN-Derived Local Action 21 Program, all the measures taken for integration of council with the community were marked. All of the joint efforts of the council and the community had to be devoted to eliminating environmental problems. For example, some measures were taken regarding the areas which are currently experiencing planning change. The main emphasize in the plan was made on the risk assessment techniques which would provide all of the necessary data about the possible damage which could be given to the environment in the result of the measures. All of the objectives set in the UN-Derived Local Action 21 Program answered the main strategic goals placed in front of the environment. The results of the program implementation however showed the lack of organization communication and some mistakes made during transport planning, therefore some more consideration had to be devoted to the structure of the program in order to eliminate negative impact of the mentioned factors. The main directions which the Council has set are very meaningful and help to implement all the activities which it has stated in the strategic goal: ? pursuing ecologically sustainable development, meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising those of the future; ? demonstrating organizational delivery of integrated services and be environmentally, socially and economically responsible and accountable; ? managing resources to maintain financial viability and enhance service provision? promoting access, equity and a sense of community (Management Plan, p. 11). Most of the directions which have been set by the Council are very complex and require joint efforts of people involved in the community life. In order to increase the efficiency of implementing the goals which have been set by the council, it makes a decision to encourage as many people as possible to participate in the community life. Therefore, increasing the number of citizens involved in the community life serves one of the ways to achieve the directions mentioned above. There are some other issues on which the council chooses to focus in order to meet all of the challenges which can arise from the objectives set by it. According to the Management Plan of Sutherland Shire, the main issues on which the council is planning to focus during the next years included the following: ? Nurture our clean and beautiful natural environment; ? Improve our suburbs; ? Increase the number of citizens involved in community life; ? Maintain our prosperous local economy; ? Build safe, healthy and active lifestyles; ? Business activities; ? Support services (Management Plan). As it’s possible to tell from the list of activities which the council was providing, the main feature of the plan was combining activities leading to the increase of the level of life of people in the shire, brining development into their lifestyles, and at the same time focusing on the measures of environmental protection. It’s very important that the council has devoted lots of attention to the issue of nurturing the clean and beautiful natural environment of the Sutherland Shire. This features of the plan shows that the major strategic goals which have been put in from of the council are being implemented. The importance of other measures which have been taken by the council, like increasing the number of citizens involved in the community life, increasing the prosperity of local economy, building active lifestyles are very important as well. Those are also one of the measures which have to be taken to prepare future generations for a happy and prosperous life. If actions taken to protect environment are very important for the future generations ecology vice because they guarantee them life in a clean environment, actions taken to increase the prosperity of the shire are equally important. One of the major features of the Management Plan and State of Environment Report of Sutherland Shire is that the mentioned actions don’t come into controversion with one another. This is a very important achievement of the council’s planning which can be marked as an outstanding one. As long as the objectives of environmental activities and of urban development activities are well-balanced, the results of the plan implementation will always be positive. There are many activities which have been planned by the Council in order to protect the environment. In the plan, there have been included many activities which dealt with people’s recreation (like building public golf courses, tennis courts, vacation facilities), providing services for youth and older people and some others, but the main attention was devoted to environmental issues. The list of activities planned by the Council to protect the environment includes the following responsibilities and services: ? animal shelter ? beaches ? Bushcare ? certification (for development) ? Cleansing of public places ? clean-up campaign ? Earthworks ? economic development support? environmental assessment and application determination ? environmental compliance ? environmental education ? environmental health and regulation ? environmental planning ? environmental research and policy ? parks maintenance and construction ? plan of management for community land ? roads construction and traffic management ? stormwater drainage ? street cleaning ? waste collection and education (Management Plan, p. 13). In order to have a full view of how the activities have been balanced in the Management Plan, it’s necessary to investigate the data which is provided in the organizational budget summary. According to the data of capital works budget, the Council spends the most financial resources on building safe, healthy and active lifestyles (19,537,713), non-divisional programs and indirect income (18,073,881), and improving suburbs (10,253,947). The financial resources which are spent on nurturing clean and beautiful nature environment are the next in the list by the volume of budget expenses and can be estimated by 6,561,895. This figure appears quite low in comparison with other activities on which budget money goes. In order to maintain the environment, it’s necessary for the Council to re-structure the expenses of the budget and make sure that more resources are channeled to the environmental protection. The amount of budget money spent on building safe, healthy and active lifestyles is too high, and it’s important for the Council to devote enough attention to environmental protection. The resources which have been channeled for this issue are insufficient, and it’s necessary for the budget planners to take a closer look at this problem. The environmental programs which have been planned by the Council require substantial financial support, therefore the budget has to be planned accordingly to the possible cost of the programs. For example, as the State of Environment report marks, the following programs have been initiated by the Council: Oyster Bay Trip Substitution Project, Beaches to Bay Bus, Travel access Guides in order to reduce car use. Those projects need substantial financial support from the government. It’s very important to take measures in protecting environmentally sensitive land such as Botany Bay National Park, Geroges River National Park, Heathcote National Park, Royal National Park. In order to protect environmentally sensitive land, financial support from the council is very much needed, and large sums of money have to be channeled to the mentioned activities. As the investigations have shown, the Southerland Shire Management Plan and State of Environment report provide sufficient strategic and operational directions. They both reflect all of the strategic goals which have been set for the shire in order to provide choices for future generations without preventing present generations from enjoying all the benefits of nowadays reality. The actions marked in the plan represent a compromise between the necessity of rapid urban growth dictated by present day realities and the necessity to protect environment for future generations to enjoy beautiful nature and clean air in the same way we do now. Bibliography. 1. Management Plan. Sutherland Shire Council. 2. NSW Local Government Act, 1993. 3. State of Environment Report 2002/2003. Sutherland Shire Council.

Unemployment

Unemployment Introduction Unemployment can be defined as the condition where citizens of a country are jobless and have in the recent past been involved in searching work without a success. Unemployment rate can be defined as the prevalence of unemployment opportunities in a country. The unemployment index is calculated by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by the number of individuals in the labour force (Arestis John 15).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Unemployment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More I have chosen the unemployment situation because of the increasing and prevalent unemployment rates in various countries. Recent statistics indicate that, the rate of unemployment is on the increase and there is a lot of information to cover the complex area of unemployment. There are various reasons which cause unemployment in a country. The following are some of the reasons that cause unemployment rate in a country (Are stis John 20). Advances in new technologies. New technologies to a large extent replace the human labour force which renders most human beings as unemployed. Population increase. The level of unemployment is believed to go up as population in a country increases. Increase in population leads to an increased pressure on the available resources. These limited resources are few and cannot accommodate the increasing demands of the population National policies. Some countries have stringent national policies that favour the increase in the unemployment levels in a country. These national policies will always restrict the participation of certain gender groups in specific employment sectors. For example, some countries restricts the participation of women in many employment sectors especially the building, and construction sector. Political environments also play a major role towards increasing the rate of unemployment. Political environments that increase the rate of unemployment are q uite dominant especially in the developing countries. Such environments will enhance political vices such as nepotism and corruption which undermines the possibility of having fair distribution of employment opportunities to citizens. Economic depression. Economic depression is a form of economic recession that is long-term which is characterized by a downturn in the various economic activities in a country. In analyzing this complex situation of unemployment, it is of vital importance to consider the application of various system analyzing tools such as â€Å"tools, methods, methodology and many techniques†. This will make the analysis of the complex situation being analyzed to be understood easily. Objective In my research I will analyze the complex process of unemployment with the aim of creating a sustainable environment in the employment sector. The research will encompass the various causes of unemployment rates, the challenges being encountered in the process of reduc ing unemployment rates. The research will critically analyze the various types of unemployment and, the mechanisms which can be adopted in order to reduce the prevalent rates of unemployment. Summary Unemployment is a complex problem facing many countries presently. The process of reducing unemployment rates can be a daunting process fraught with disappointments. As a summary of the major findings of the research, the major cause of unemployment is lack of information among citizens, and poor governance policies in a country (Arestis John 30).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Various citizens are ignorant on how to effectively utilize the available natural and human resources to create employment. They lack a sense of creativity which could possibly create employment opportunities. Also, most citizens are ignorant on how to effectively participate in democratic gov ernance process. This ignorance eventually creates autocratic governance regimes which fosters nepotism and corruption. These political vices reduce the availability of employment opportunities in a country, leading to unemployment (Arestis John 15). Discussion One key requirement of a good system practitioner is the ability of the system practitioner to apply the various models, methods and theories of system practitioner into the real life. My undertaking of this project will assist me to apply the various system practitioner concepts learnt in class to the real life complex scenario of unemployment (Jacques Stephen, 1994, pg. 21). In analyzing the complexity associated with unemployment, I will consider the various theories of complex management which I will discuss along with the development of this paper. Applying hard systems method Before analyzing the complex process of unemployment, it is important to make a distinction between hard and soft systems. Hard systems can be d efined as those problems that deal with the â€Å"how† questions. For example, the question of how to increase the rate of employment is an example of a hard problem. A hard problem is always characterized by the fact that there is a distinct solution, and there are a number of defined goals that are well defined which should be accomplished. On the other hand, a soft system is a problem that encompasses both the â€Å"how† and â€Å"what† questions (Jacques Stephen, 1994, pg. 27) The complex process of unemployment could be well analyzed using the hard system method of approach. The hard system method tries to analyze a complex problem through many stages which will be discussed in this paper.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Unemployment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are various advantages that are associated with the use of the hard system methodology of concept analysis. The followi ng are some of the advantages of using the hard system method (Jacques Stephen, 1994, pg. 35) It provides a deeper understanding and analysis of the problem of unemployment and answers the question of how to mitigate the unemployment problem. Hard system analysis provides answers to other complex problems related to unemployment like how to use technology to increase the rate of employment. The following diagram indicates the application of hard system in the analysis of unemployment. The above diagram indicates the various processes that will be undertaken in the analysis of the unemployment problem. Stage 1. System description System description will always indicate the current position and status of the problem being analyzed. Currently we are experiencing a high rate of unemployment which is characterized by the increasing population rate. The world population is estimated at 7 billion people. The available limited employment resources are not sufficient to carter for the de mands of the 7 billion individuals. This eventually piles up pressure on the resources that could be used to create employment opportunities, hence leading to an increased level of unemployment (Steger, Maznevski Wolfgang 39). The following table illustrates the world population by continent by 2011.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Population by continent Retrieved fromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population on [19/07/2012] at 1:45 p. m The alarming increase in the level of unemployment creates a need for analyzing the complex concept of unemployment with the aim of unmasking the strategies to be adopted in order to reduce unemployment rates (Arestis John 55). The following table indicates the world top ten countries by unemployment rate Country Unemployment rate in % year Zimbabwe 95 2009 estimate Nauru 90 2004 est. Liberia 85 2003 est. Burkina Faso 77 2004 Turkmenistan 60 2004 Djibouti 59 2007 Namibia 51.2 2008 Senegal 48 2007 Nepal 46 2008 Kosovo 45 2009 The above data directly underpins the fact that unemployment is a complex prevalent issue. If much is not done to contain the issue, then, the issue will become out of control and cause adverse effects to the limited human, and natural resources available (Arestis John 60). Stage 2. Identification of constraints and objec tives The main objective of this sturdy is to identify the various causes of unemployment and any relevant measure that can be adopted to mitigate the problem of unemployment. Also, the sturdy is aimed at identifying the reasons as to why there is a huge gap between the unemployment rates in developed countries and the developing countries (Steger, Maznevski Wolfgang 40). The major projected constrain is the political environments and government policies and ideologies governing the utilization of resources, and the creation of employment opportunities. Stage 3. Generation of routes to objectives Governments and relevant stakeholders should ensure that, there is gender equity and equality in the allocation of employment opportunities. Governments should adopt various strategies that will involve the citizens in the creation of employment opportunity for self-sustainability. A self-sustenance economy should be adopted which can be achieved through promotion of innovation and creati vity. Removal of political and governance ideologies that promote nepotism, and corruption. Creation of public awareness and increased public participation in the governance process. Stage 4. Formulating measures for performance Measures of performance will measure to what extent has the research objectives been met. In order to measure the performance, the unemployment index will be recorded for the next five years after the activities stipulated in the routes to objectives have been undertaken. The unemployment index obtained will then be compared to unemployment index done before undertaking this research. The comparison will give vital information as to whether there is been an improvement in the unemployment index after the adoption of the routes to objectives (Zimmer Jake 44). Stage 5. Modeling The modeling process will involve those activities that are geared towards determining the outcomes of the research (Zimmer Jake 51). In order to identify the outcomes, a survey will be carried out after every year for the next five years to find out the rate of unemployment. This will be calculated by dividing the number of employed individuals by the number of unemployed individuals. The index obtained will then be compared in order to determine whether there is an improvement or a decline in the unemployment rate (Arestis John 31). Stage 6. Evaluation The evaluation stage is the most important stage in the analysis of the complex issue. Evaluation will involve the analysis of the outcomes obtained from the modelling stage. The evaluation will involve the analysis of the disparities that will be recorded in the research. This will involve the sturdy of what factors are causing the disparity and how to re-align and reconfigure the process routes in order to achieve the research objectives. Evaluation process might also include the prototyping technique where the routes are tested, and retested in order to determine their viability before being fully implement ed (Zimmer Jake 71). Stage 7. Selecting the best routes to objectives After the evaluation process, the best route towards achieving the objectives should be selected. The route chosen should ensure that the research objectives have been met to a large extent. In the analysis of unemployment, the best route that was identified was the creation of awareness and involving the individuals in the governance process (Steger, Maznevski Wolfgang 59). This route will increase the level of democracy in a country hence creating equal employment opportunities for both women and men. Also, creating public awareness will ensure that citizens are well equipped with knowledge of how to effective utilize resources and create employment opportunities. Also, public participation in the governance process will ensure that the governance policies adopted foster democracy which is a key ingredient towards reducing the rate of unemployment (Arestis John 75). Stage 8. Implementation of the selected rou tes The implementation process will involve the process of adopting and enrolling the best selected route. In the case of unemployment, the selected route of creating awareness and increasing public participation in the governance process will be adopted. Creating awareness will involve conducting of seminars to enlighten the public on how to effectively use the available resources, and how to create employment opportunities through innovation (Steger, Maznevski Wolfgang 69). Public participation in the process of policy formulation will be achieved through promotion of civic education among citizens on how to carefully vote and chose leaders with integrity. Also, the civic education will be aimed at increasing public participation in government related projects, and governance processes starting from the grassroots government structures. Also, the civic education will aim at educating citizens on how they can get access to public funds and amenities. Stakeholders involved Stakehol ders can be described as those people who are in one way or the other affected by the problem of unemployment. Also, stakeholders in one way or the other affect the entire problem of unemployment. Stakeholders can negatively or positively be affected by the unemployment concept. On the other hand, stakeholders can positively or negatively influence the prevalence of unemployment concept (Jacques Stephen, 1994, pg. 75) The following tables indicates a summary of the how stakeholders are affected/affect the unemployment concept Stakeholder Positive impact of reduced unemployment on stakeholder Negative impact of reduced unemployment rates. government High GDP Increased manpower High labour expenses private employers High manpower output Increased efficiency and effectiveness Increased labour expenses unemployed citizens Increased wages High cost of living Stake holder Stake holder activities Impact on unemployment rate increases reduces unemployment rate 1.government Corruption Nepotism Good governance and democracy increases increases reduces 2. private investors Corruption Nepotism Innovation and creativity increases increases reduces 3.unemployed citizens Corruption and bribery Engaging in self employment Creativity and innovation increases reduces reduces Ethicality statement As a system practitioner I fully commit myself to the various ethical guidelines that should be followed whenever undertaking any research work. I will consider the following ethical consideration I my research undertaking: The data collected will be solely used for the purpose of the research, and no client data will be used for any other purposes not stipulated in the research. The clients will be fully informed on the purpose of the research, and the duration the research is going to take. The participation of subjects in the research will be voluntary, and out of consent. Where approval is required, then, the relevant approving bodies will be sought. Conclusion and recommendations In conclusion, it is evident from the research that unemployment is a complex issue that can be solved abstractly. With the increasing levels of unemployment, much has to be done in order to mitigate and reduce the rate of unemployment. This calls for public awareness, and participation in the entire process of creating employment. Such a complex issue should not be entrusted in the hands of greedy and selfish leaders. Project log The entire project will be spread over a period of six weeks with the first two weeks dealing with the preparation process and the last four weeks dealing with the data collection and analysis. The five weeks have been broken into three phases. The following table indicates the project log phases. Activity Week 1 week 2 Preparation and identification of sturdy areas Week 3 week 4 and Week 5 Data collection Week 6 Data analysis and findings Week 1 and week 2 During the first two weeks, I was involved in the process of consulting my colleagues and tutor to try and sought out their opinion about the topic. This gave a chance to discuss the various available methodologies that could be used in the sturdy. Also, this gave a chance to identify whether unemployment is a complex process or not. Also, during the first week, I was able to undertake a literature review in order to determine what other researchers have done about the unemployment concept. The literature review sufficed me with relevant information about the unemployment concept. Also, the information obtained was useful in avoiding mistakes done by previous researchers. The literature review involved researching the relevant literature materials like the internet, books, journals, and articles. I also obtained a chance of visiting various libraries in order to find out more information about the unemployment concept. Week 3, 4 and 5 Most of the research work was conducted during the thir d, fourth and the fifth week. Various data was collected about the unemployment rate of individuals. Also, clients were required to fill in a survey form and a questionnaire in order to determine the causes of unemployment. Also, the subjects were required to give their individual opinions about what could be done in order to reduce the rate of unemployment. Various data collections methods were employed in the process of data collection which includes the following methods; survey forms, questionnaires, and interviews. Subjects were required to fill in questionnaires which sought to find out what were the causes of unemployment and what could be done to reduce the unemployment rates. Subjects were also required to fill in a survey form to determine whether the government is doing much to contain the problem of unemployment. A series of interviews were also conducted with the aim of finding more first-hand information about the problem of unemployment. A total of three interviews we re conducted during the entire period of the project. The following are the interviews that were conducted during the time of research. Interviewed Week Ministry of labour officials Week 1 A prominent private investor Week 2 A low income worker Week 3 Week 6 The sixth week of the research was purely dedicated to data analysis and the sturdy of the findings. The data collected was analyzed and compared to previous data that was collected by other researchers on the same subject. The data analysis stage involved the application of the hard system on the complex process of unemployment. Various stages of the hard system methodology were studied in respect to unemployment. Also, the compilation of the results obtained was done on the sixth week. This was the last week of the project undertaking, and due consultation was made to ensure that the project is up to date and with the relevant requirements. I also, spent some time with my project supervisor in order to discuss the application of TMA in the complex process of unemployment. My supervisor advice helped a lot in the development of the project in the sense that, the information I was given largely assisted in the ensuring the realization of the research objectives. Summary of the project log In this section of the report, I will cover a brief summary of what I have been able to undertake during my six weeks of undertaking the project. Undertaking the T306 course has largely helped build more on the concept that I learnt in my previous course, T205-An approach to system thinking. Managing complexity has equipped me with knowledge of how to apply various managing complexity theories, systems, and methodology in analyzing complex situations. During the first five weeks of my project undertaking, I was extensively involved in the process of data collection and literature review. This introduced me to a number of literature and concept regarding the problem of unemployment. It also introduc ed me to a wide range of knowledge regarding data collection methods like interviews, questionnaires, and surveys. The last week of the project was dedicated to data analysis. During this period of data analysis, various data analysis techniques were employed to analyze the data. This introduced me to a wide range of scientific data analysis methods of analyzing data. Client report The major client in the above research is the unemployed citizen or individual. They are the ones who are largely affected by the rising unemployment rate. Most of the unemployed individuals or citizens have the common ideology that it is the responsibility of government and private sectors to create employment. Such an ideology is wrong because the process of creating employment opportunities is neither a government responsibility nor the responsibility of the private sector. It is a collective responsibility that has to be done by the collaboration of the citizens, the private sector, and the government . There are various forms of employment that currently exists. One can be self employed which means that, they are their own employers. This form of employment fosters renovation and a spirit of entrepreneurship among citizens. This spirit eventually promotes innovation and creativity which eventually creates employment opportunities. Also, citizens should be made to understand that, democracy plays a major role towards creation of employment opportunities. Democracy ensures accountability and transparency towards the use of resources, hence creating avenues for more employment opportunities. On the other hand, corruption, nepotism, and violence lead to misuse of resources which eventually blocks avenues for creating employment opportunities. In order to reduce the adverse effects associated with unemployment, citizens should engage in innovation and creative activities. This will enhance the proper utilization of resources and eventually creating employment opportunities. One major desirable aspect of a good economy is the ability to be self sustainable. A self sustainable economy will ensure that citizens have the services and products they require. One way of ensuring a self sustaining economy is by having citizens engage in innovative and creative activities. Such activities will lead to specialization, and creation of more job, and employment opportunities. Arestis, Philip McCombie, John. Unemployment: Past and Present. Basingstoke:   Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Print. Jaques, Elliott, and Stephen, Clement. Executive Leadership: A Practical Guide to  Managing Complexity. Malden, Mass: Blackwell, 1994. Print. Steger, Ulrich Maznevski, Martha Wolfgang, Amann. Managing Complexity in  Global Organizations. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley Sons, 2007. Print.

Borne By, Borne On, and Borne With

Borne By, Borne On, and Borne With Borne By, Borne On, and Borne With Borne By, Borne On, and Borne With By Maeve Maddox The English word bear has so many definitions and uses that it could provide fodder for several posts. This article is about the use of the past participle borne followed by a preposition. Here is the odd usage in my local newspaper that prompted this post: there’s blame to be borne on everyone. I looked on the Web to see if anyone else was using â€Å"borne on† in this way. I found these examples: [Lack of fresh food] leads to lower lifespans in these areas, higher healthcare costs borne on everyone and general malaise. And, we had people opting out of the system and waiting until they got sick to charge ER costs that were ultimately borne on everyone else.   If you have seen the documentary The Corporation, you will be familiar with the economics term externalities which are the external costs of any enterprise which are borne on everyone else but the enterprise itself. Today most people think that [the expense of] having children should be borne on everyone else. Blame and expense are borne by people, not on them. Here are examples of the correct use of borne followed by the prepositions with, on, and by: His wife has borne with his faults for fifty years. The returning war hero was borne on the shoulders of two burly police officers. The price increase was borne by consumers. Borne is more poetic than mere carried. Fitzgerald used the word in the closing line of The Great Gatsby: So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. Borne often has the connotation that whatever is being carried–literally or figuratively– requires great effort: Over the casket the great flag that had draped it [was] held widespread in the hands of the eight petty officers who had borne the heavy weight to its place. She is a woman who  has borne disappointment  all her life. Borne is used as a suffix to create words that have the sense of being carried or distributed: Water-borne diseases are any illness caused by drinking water contaminated by human or animal faeces, which contain pathogenic microorganisms. High in the sky, water in clouds can act as a temptress to lure  airborne pollutants  such as sulfur dioxide into reactive aqueous particulates. The speaker who said, â€Å"There’s blame to be borne on everyone† was mixing up two ideas. Blame is placed on someone, but, once placed, blame is borne by the person blamed. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†Expanded and Extended

Modelling Unknown System 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Modelling Unknown System 2 - Essay Example There are various design methods of IIR filter used, with the analogue reference prototype filter being the most commonly used method, as it is suitable for the design of low pass filters, high pass, band stop filters and band pass filters. Reference type, analog prototype filter, to be used is specified according to its requirements and specification then there is design of the analog prototype filter. Scaling of the analog prototype filter into the required frequency range succeeds the design phase. The scaling process converts the analogue prototype into an analog filter. The last step is the conversion from analog to digital filter. Bilinear transformation method converts analogue filters to digital filters. The resulting filter, obtained is always stable, but, instability of the resulting filter may only be caused by the finite word-length side-effect [1]. The design process of the desirable IIR filter commences with the specification and requirements. The reference prototype analogue filter is chosen based on the specification. Scaling of the analogue prototype filter frequency into the desired range succeeds the design phase. The prototype filter is, thus, converted into an analogue filter. The final step is the conversion to digital filter from the analogue filter type by the use of the bilinear transformation method for conversion. The conversion process achieves a stable filter though instability may result from finite word length side effects [1]. Finite impulse response filter equalizes the natural channel response into a partial response target to reduce the complexity of the corresponding maximum sequence detector in magnetic recording. The natural channel response may vary due to changes such as variation in the head medium separation, therefore, requiring the adaptation of finite impulse response. LMS algorithm based adaptation can also be used. It should be known that conflicting interactions among the LMS loop, the AGC (automatic gain control)

The Handwashing Techniques Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Handwashing Techniques - Assignment Example Using the literature I will look at and explore the factors that may have influenced the learner and their performance in Scenario One (hand washing). I will then, with reference to the literature, identify one of these contributory factors and critically discuss and analyse the mentor's role in addressing the identified factor. I will then identify recommendations for best practice. There are many definitions of assessment in the literature. According to Rowntree (1987) "assessment occurs whenever one person in some kind of interaction, direct or in direct, with another is conscious of obtaining and interpreting information about the knowledge and understanding of the abilities and attitudes of this person". Curzon (1990) defines assessment as the process of: "collection, measuring and interpreting information relating to students' responses to the process of instruction". Ewan and White (1996) define assessment as "the process by which teachers attempt to gauge student' progress and learning". Quinn (2000), states that through assessment in practice judgement is made on the quality of the learners' work, as a way of supporting the learner and of appraising their achievement of their set of outcomes. The common theme of the above mentioned definitions is measurement and progression or competence and outcome Flanagan et al (1999). From the scenario we see that t he student is being assessed formatively. It is important that the mentor is aware of the difference between formative and summative assessments. Price (2005) discusses the two purposes of assessment: Formative assessment in which the mentor is the advisor. The formative assessment is to advise the student of progress towards the goal. Summative assessment is in order to judge the learning. The purpose of the assessment in the given scenario is to observe the maintenance of asepsis. Medical Asepsis is defined as, "the procedures used to reduce the number of microorganisms and prevent their spread." [Mosby 2009]. One of the basic principles of health care that is drilled into the minds of all health care professionals from a very early stage in their training is the importance of maintaining strict asepsis in their handling of patients. The lesson is repeated so often as to become second nature for health care professionals. The reason that maintenance of asepsis is stressed upon so often in medical practice is that significant benefits can accrue from following a few simple rules. The rate of transmission of infection from on patient to another in wards and OPDs can be reduced significantly. Asepsis can also be productive towards decreasing the incidence of illness among health care workers themselves by reducing transmission of pathogenic bacteria from patients to carers. A number of rules are in practice for the maintenance of asepsis. These include specific techniques for handwashing and use of sterilization procedures for the sheets, instruments and apparatus used in relation with patients. In the chosen scenario, the student follows the instructions taught to the letter, but forgets to apply simple sense to the situation and soils her hand without even realizing what she has done. There can be a number of

Organization as a Machine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organization as a Machine - Essay Example It also adopts British Telecom as the case study. Overall functioning structure of traditional organization using machine metaphor Evidently, machine metaphor concept has immensely contributed to growth prospects of various institutions due to its noble ideals and synergies. Morgan (2007) asserted that, it has in stilled basic elements and ideals, which organizations should embrace. He further stated that, organizations are all about effective interaction, predictability, reliability and controllability at various points of activity through structured systems, which instills sanity. In particular, machine metaphor concept is a system, which provides a comprehensive view of institutions through detailed interaction of various elements, which facilitates predictability, and control of events (Odubiyi, 2012). Clearly, organizations must adopt predictable and reliable business practices including market positioning to ensure sound performance, which is a critical aspect for most institut ions. Mechanistic view is a noble concept, which considers institutions as holistic entities, which operate under strong combination of manageable components. As indicated by Odubiyi (2012), major components, which requires effective management includes organizational chart, job description, policies, operational plans and people. Critically, machine metaphor concept facilitated growth in various traditional institutions due to its effective management and control ideals, which ensured delivery of services based on quality policies. Consequently, the concept enhanced organizations competitive capacity through development of superior production and business techniques, which were accurately coordinated in similar form as machine operation. Functional structure is also a vital pillar, which influences growth in various in situations. As noted by McCrimmon (2012), functional structures enhances decision making process in institutions hence should be effective and operate within set gui delines. He stated that poor functionality of various organizational components through inferior guidelines have contributed to liquidation of many institutions globally. As such, corporations should adopt viable and well structured operating levels with comprehensive job delegation to enhance quality in choice making. Clearly, machine metaphor provides requisite incentives through its structured network system, which enhances management and control at various levels towards formulation of quality decisions (Morgan & Rotunda, 2006). Ideally, modern institutions require credible systems, which ensure business accountability and structured way of executing duties at various levels of operation. Evaluation of organizational functional departments